Figure 2 in Aspects of comparative cranial mechanics in the theropod dinosaurs Coelophysis, Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus

Figure 2. Stress distribution within the crania of Coelophysis (A, D, G), Allosaurus (B, E, H) and Tyrannosaurus (C, F, I) during bite loading. See scale for stress type and magnitude (tension is positive; compression negative); units are Pascals (1 Pa = 1 N/m2). A–C, principal stress 3, mainly compression; D–F: principal stress 1, mainly tensile; G–I, In-plane shear stress (Tau XY). Divergent arrows indicate orientation of tensile stress, convergent arrows indicate orientation of compressive stress, phylogeny as for Fig. 1. 10 000 N bite load applied to all models.