Figure 1 in Aspects of comparative cranial mechanics in the theropod dinosaurs Coelophysis, Allosaurus and Tyrannosaurus

Figure 1. Finite element (FE) models created in this study with respect to taxonomic position with the Theropoda. From left to right: A, Coelophysis bauri, skull and D, FEA model; B, Allosaurus fragilis, skull and E, FEA model; C, Tyrannosaurus rex, skull and F, FEA model. Grey patches on mesh indicate constrained region of model (in direction indicated by arrows). Scale bar = 10 cm. Phylogeny adapted from Holtz (2000) and Rauhut (2003); open circles indicate node-based taxa; black lines indicate stem-based taxa. Abbreviations: aof, antorbital fenestra; f, frontal; j, jugal; l, lacrimal; ltf, lower temporal fenestra; m, maxilla; n, nasal; or, orbit; par, parietal; po, postorbital; pm, premaxilla; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal.