Figure 108 in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)

Figure 108. Evolution of the theridiid web. A three-dimensional cobweb (thick lines) is an unambiguous synapomorphy of the theridioids, but has been lost, or modified, multiple times. Ambiguous optimization is indicated with broken lines, unknown web types with question marks. Taxa marked with a star are autapomorphic. Thwaitesia does not make the typical H-shaped web of other spintharines, but still depends on only a few lines. Phoroncidia builds a unique single line web (sometimes a few lines) with sticky silk on one end (see Fig. 97B–D); related taxa are probably all litter dwellers and some may well be web-less.