CRCM5-CMIP6 : A dynamically-downscaled ensemble of CMIP6 simulations.

<h1>CRCM-CMIP</h1> <h2>Data reference</h2> <p>Paquin, D., C. McCray, C. B. Gauthier, M. Gigu&egrave;re, O. Asselin, P .Bourgault, M.-P. Labont&eacute; and D. Matte. The CRCM5-CMIP6 Ouranos&rsquo; ensemble : A dynamically-downscaled ensemble of CMIP6 simulations over North America. Accepted in Scientific Data.</p> <p><a href="https://www.ouranos.ca/en">Ouranos</a> : Canadian Regional Climate Model &ndash; version 5</p> <p><strong>Martynov et al. 2013, Separovic et al. 2013</strong></p> <p>Based on GEM 3.3.3.1</p> <h3>Configuration</h3> <p>NAM-11 CORDEX North American domain at 0.11&deg; 695x668 grid points including a 20-point sponge (and halo) zone surrounding the domain, 5-minute time steps, xlat1=28.525 xlon2=145.955. 56 vertical levels and a top at 10 hPa. 17 surface levels and a bottom at 15 m.</p> <h3>Spectral Nudging</h3> <p>A spectral nudging is applied to the horizontal wind component with a half-response wavelength of 1177km and a relaxation time of 13.34 h. The nudging strength is set to zero from the surface to a height of 500 hPa and increases linearly onward to the top of the model&rsquo;s simulated atmosphere (10 hPa).</p> <h2>Parameterization</h2> <h3>Atmosphere</h3> <p>Precipitation: modified Sundqvist &nbsp;(1998); precipitation partition Bourgouin &nbsp;(2000) ; Implicit vertical diffusion.&nbsp;<br>Shallow convection: Kuo (1965) transient shallow, Non‐cloudy boundary layer formulation.&nbsp;<br>Deep convection: Kain-Fritsch (1990);&nbsp;<br>Radiation: Li &amp; Barker (2005)</p> <h3>Surface</h3> <p>CLASS3.5c (Verseghy, 1993)</p> <p>Lake model: FLake</p> <h3>Ocean</h3> <p>Prescribed SST &amp; sea ice fraction</p> <h3>Aerosol</h3> <p>Prescribed</p> <h2>Data Access</h2> <p>Due to its large size, the full dataset can't yet be shared publicly.</p> <p>A subset of the variables are stored on Ouranos' THREDDS server.</p> <p>- Annual files : <a href="https://pavics.ouranos.ca/twitcher/ows/proxy/thredds/catalog/birdhouse/disk2/ouranos/CORDEX/catalog.html">https://pavics.ouranos.ca/twitcher/ows/proxy/thredds/catalog/birdhouse/disk2/ouranos/CORDEX/catalog.html</a><br>- Aggregated datasets : <a href="https://pavics.ouranos.ca/twitcher/ows/proxy/thredds/catalog/datasets/simulations/RCM-CMIP6/catalog.html">https://pavics.ouranos.ca/twitcher/ows/proxy/thredds/catalog/datasets/simulations/RCM-CMIP6/catalog.html</a></p> <p>Other variables can be provided upon request by writing to simulations_ouranos@ouranos.ca.</p> <p>All data are available through a&nbsp;<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">CC-BY 4.0</a> license.</p> <h2>Acknowlegments</h2> <p>Developed by the&nbsp;<a href="https://escer.uqam.ca/">ESCER Centre</a> at UQAM (Universit&eacute; du Qu&eacute;bec &agrave; Montr&eacute;al) with the collaboration of Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC).&nbsp;<strong>CRCM5; Martynov et al. 2013, Separovic et al. 2013</strong></p> <p>The CRCM5 data has been generated and supplied by Ouranos.</p> <p>CRCM5 computations were made on the supercomputers beluga and narval managed by Calcul Qu&eacute;bec and the&nbsp;<a href="https://alliancecan.ca/en">Digital Research Alliance of Canada</a>. The operation of this supercomputer received financial support from Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada and the Minist&egrave;re de l&rsquo;&Eacute;conomie et de l&rsquo;Innovation du Qu&eacute;bec.</p> <h2>Some references for CRCM5</h2> <p>Asselin, M. Leduc, D. Paquin, K. Winger, A. Di Luca, M. Bukovsky, B. Music, and M. Gigu&egrave;re (2022). On the Intercontinental Transferability of Regional Climate Model Response to Severe Forestation. &nbsp;MDPI's Climate&nbsp;<br><a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10100138">https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10100138</a>&nbsp;</p> <p>Bresson, E., R. Laprise, D. Paquin, J. M. Th&eacute;riault, R. de Elia, 2017: Evaluating CRCM5 ability to simulate mixed precipitation. Atmosphere-Ocean. 55(2); 79-93.&nbsp;<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2017.1310084">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2017.1310084</a>&nbsp;</p> <p>Leduc, M., A. Mailhot, A. Frigon, J.-L. Martel, R. Ludwig, G.B. Brietzke, M. Gigu&egrave;re, F. Brissette, R. Turcotte, M. Braun, (2019) ClimEx project: a 50-member ensemble of climate change projections at 12-km resolution over Europe and northeastern North America with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5). Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0021.1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0021.1</a></p> <p>Martynov A, R Laprise, L Sushama, K Winger, L Separovic, B Dugas. 2013. Reanalysis-driven climate simulation over CORDEX North America domain using the Canadian Regional Climate Model, version 5: model performance evaluation. Clim Dyn 41:2973-3005.&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1778-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1778-9</a></p> <p>Martynov A, L Sushama, R Laprise, K Winger, B Dugas. 2012. Interactive lakes in the Canadian regional climate model version 5: the role of lakes in the regional climate of North America. Tellus A 64, 016226. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.16226">https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v64i0.16226</a>.</p> <p>Martynov A, L Sushama, R Laprise. 2010. Simulation of temperate freezing lakes by one-dimensional lake models: performance assessment for interactive coupling with regional climate models. Boreal Env Res 15:143-164.</p> <p>Matte, D., Th&eacute;riault, J. M., &amp; Laprise, R. (2019). Mixed precipitation occurrences over southern Qu&eacute;bec, Canada, under warmer climate conditions using a regional climate model. Climate Dynamics, 53(1), 1125&ndash;1141. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4231-2">https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-018-4231-2</a></p> <p>McCray, C. D., D. Paquin, J. M. Th&eacute;riault, &Eacute;. Bresson (2022). A multi-algorithm analysis of projected changes to freezing rain over North America in an ensemble of regional climate model simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research -Atmospheres <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JD036935">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JD036935</a></p> <p>McCray, D. C., J. M. Th&eacute;riault, D. Paquin, &Eacute;. Bresson, 2022. Quantifying the impact of precipitation-type algorithm selection on the representation of freezing rain in an ensemble of regional climate model simulations. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology. <a href="https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/aop/JAMC-D-21-0202.1/JAMC-D-21-0202.1.xml">https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/apme/aop/JAMC-D-21-0202.1/JAMC-D-21-0202.1.xml</a>&nbsp;</p> <p>McCray, C.D., G. Schmidt, D. Paquin, M. Leduc, Z. Bi, M. Radiyat, C. Silverman, M. Spitz, B. Brettschneider (2023). Changing Nature of High-Impact Snowfall Events in Eastern North America. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038804">https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD038804</a></p> <p>Mironov D, E Heise, E Kourzeneva, B Ritter, N Schneider, A Terzhevik. 2010. Implementation of the lake parameterisation scheme FLake into the numerical weather prediction model COSMO. Boreal Env Res 15:218-230.</p> <p>Mittermeier, M., E. Bresson, D. Paquin, R. Ludwig, 2021 A deep learning approach for the identification of long-duration mixed precipitation in Montr&eacute;al (Canada). Atmosphere-Ocean. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1992341">https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2021.1992341</a></p> <p>Riette S, D Caya. 2002. Sensitivity of short simulations to the various parameters in the new CRCM spectral nudging. &ndash; In: RITCHIE, H. (Ed.): Research activities in Atmospheric and Oceanic Modeling, WMO/TD No. 1105, Report No. 32: 7.39&ndash;7.40.</p> <p>P&eacute;rez Bello, A., A. Mailhot and D. Paquin, 2021 The response of daily and sub-daily extreme precipitations to changes in surface and dew point temperatures. Journal of Geophysical Research &ndash; Atmospheres <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034972">http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034972</a></p> <p>P&eacute;rez Bello, A., A. Mailhot, D. Paquin and D. Paquin-Ricard (2022). Temperature-precipitation scaling rates: a rainfall event-based perspective. Journal of Geophysical Research &ndash; Atmospheres. <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JD037873">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022JD037873</a></p> <p>Separovic L, A Alexandru, R Laprise, A Martynov, L Sushama, K Winger, K Tete, M Valin. 2013. Present climate and climate change over North America as simulated by the fifth-generation Canadian regional climate model. Clim Dyn 41:3167-3201. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1737-5">DOI 10.1007/s00382-013-1737-5</a>.</p> <p>St-Pierre, M., J. Th&eacute;riault and D. Paquin, 2019. Influence of the model spatial resolution on atmospheric conditions leading to freezing rain in regional climate simulations. Atmosphere-Ocean, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1737-5">https://doi.org/10.1080/07055900.2019.1583088</a>.</p>