Figure 4 from: Lepage D, Vaidya G, Guralnick R (2014) Avibase – a database system for managing and organizing taxonomic concepts. ZooKeys 420: 117-135. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.420.7089

Figure 4 - Fractional weights (w) can be used to validate the taxonomic arrangements within a particular authority. In this example, in any valid listing of the concepts within an authority, the sum of all taxonomic concepts related to the superspecies Vireo solitarius should add up to 1.0 at both the species and the subspecies levels.