A Global Meta-Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Before and During COVID-19

<p>This is the dataset used for the following article:<br> <strong>A Global Meta-Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Before and During<br> COVID-19</strong></p> <p>BY<br> <strong>Hojjat Daniali, Monica Martinussen, and Magne Arve Flaten</strong></p> <p><br> Objective: This meta-analysis compared negative emotions (NEs) as depression, anxiety, and stress, from<br> before the pandemic to during the pandemic. Method: A total of 59 studies (19 before, 37 during-pandemic,<br> and 3 that included both) using. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) were included. A random<br> effects model estimated the means of NEs before and during the pandemic. Results: Studies from 47 countries<br> involving 193,337 participants were included. Globally, NEs increased during the pandemic, and<br> depression had the largest elevation. In Asia, depression and stress were elevated, whereas in Europe,<br> only depression increased, and in America, no differences in NEs between before and during the pandemic<br> were observed. The later time phase of the pandemic was associated with lower stress globally, and lower<br> stress and anxiety in Europe. Being younger was associated with more stress globally, and being older was<br> associated with higher anxiety in Asia. Students had higher anxiety globally and higher NEs in all three<br> aspects in Europe compared to the general population. The COVID-19 infection rate was associated with<br> more stress globally, and stress and anxiety in Europe. During the pandemic, females reported higher levels<br> of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to males, most pronounced in Europe. Conclusion: NEs<br> increased during the pandemic, with younger and student populations, females and Asians having the highest<br> elevations.<br> <br> The first datset named &#39;&#39;Negative emotions total 2022-12-15&#39;&#39; includes the means and SDs for negative emotions for all included studies.&nbsp;</p> <p>The second dataset named &#39;&#39; Negative emotions &nbsp;males and females 2022-12-15&#39;&#39; includes means and SDs for negative emotions for&nbsp; males and females (standardized mean differences; Hedges&#39; g).</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>