FIGURE 1 in Bundles of Sperm: Structural Diversity in Scorpion Sperm Packages Illuminates Evolution of Insemination in an Ancient Lineage

FIGURE 1. Sperm packages of Bothriuridae Simon, 1880 (A, D, E, F), Superstitioniidae Stahnke, 1940 (B), Euscorpiidae Pocock, 1893 (C), and Buthidae C.L. Koch, 1837 (G–L), imaged with light microscopy (A–F) or scanning electron microscopy (G–L). A, D, E. Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931): bent, annular, straight. B. Superstitionia donensis Stahnke, 1940: straight. C. Tetratrichobothrius flavicaudis (De Geer, 1778): double bent/ellipsoidal; numbers represent folding that causes differences in shape. F. Brachistosternus ferrugineus (Thorell, 1876): straight. G. Zabius fuscus (Thorell, 1876): absent. H. Buthus paris (C.L. Koch, 1839): absent. I. Teruelius ankarana (Lourenço and Goodman, 2003): absent. J. Hottentotta conspersus (Thorell, 1876): absent. K. Babycurus jacksoni (Pocock, 1890): absent. L. Lychas obsti Kraepelin, 1913: absent. Arrows indicate folding of sperm packages described in text, including variations in conspecifics. Scale bars: 25 µm.