Dataset for: Temperature sensitivity of carbon concentrating mechanisms in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum

<p><span>Marine diatoms are key primary producers across diverse habitats in the global ocean. Diatoms rely on a biophysical carbon concentrating mechanism (CCM) to supply high concentrations of CO₂ around their carboxylating enzyme, RuBisCO. The necessity and energetic cost of the CCM are likely to be highly sensitive to temperature, as temperature impacts </span><span>CO₂</span><span> concentration, diffusivity, and the kinetics of CCM components. Here, we used membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) and modeling to capture temperature regulation of the CCM in the diatom <em>Phaeodactylum</em> <em>tricornutum</em> (<em>Pt</em>). We found that enhanced carbon fixation rates by <em>Pt</em> at elevated temperatures were accompanied by increased CCM activity capable of maintaining RuBisCO close to CO2 saturation but that the mechanism varied. At 10 and 18 °C, diffusion of </span><span>CO₂</span><span> into the cell, driven by <em>Pt</em>'s 'chloroplast pump' was the major inorganic carbon source. However, at 18 °C, upregulation of the chloroplast pump enhanced (while retaining the proportion of) both diffusive </span><span>CO₂</span><span> and active </span><span>HCO₃</span>^{<span>-</span>}<span> uptake into the cytosol, and significantly increased chloroplast </span><span>HCO₃</span>^{<span>-</span>}<span> concentrations. In contrast, at 25 °C, compared to 18 °C, the chloroplast pump had only a slight increase in activity. While diffusive uptake of </span><span>CO₂</span><span> into the cell remained constant, active </span><span>HCO₃</span>^{<span>-</span>}<span> uptake across the cell membrane increased resulting in <em>Pt</em> depending equally on both </span><span>CO₂</span><span> and HCO₃</span>^{<span>-</span>}<span> as inorganic carbon sources. Despite changes in the CCM, the overall rate of active carbon transport remained double that of carbon fixation across all temperatures tested. The implication of the energetic cost of the <em>Pt</em> CCM in response to increasing temperatures was discussed.</span></p>