FIG. 5 in The Evolution of Courtship Behavior in Plethodontid Salamanders, Contrasting Patterns of Stasis and Diversification

FIG. 5.—Olfactory pheromone delivery during turning back to the female (tbf) in Plethodon shermani (from Arnold 1976). (1) The dotted arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he turns back towards the female during tailstraddling walk (TSW). (2) The path of the male̕s head as he slaps his mental gland across the female̕s nares. (3) The solid arrow shows the path of the male̕s head as he returns to TSW position. A video of a similar sequence is cataloged in Appendix S2.