FIG. 4 in Cranial shape and diet variation in Myotis species (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae): testing the relationship between form and function

FIG. 4. Ordination plots of the first two canonical axes from two mandibular modules among dietary groups. A — Ordination plot of the first two canonical axes from mandibular process area with deformation grids derived of each the canonical axis. The direction of changes in M. vivesi with respect to the consensus shape was indicated for the horizontal arrow. The directions of change in facultative piscivorous and insectivorous species with respect to the consensus shape were indicated for the vertical arrows; B — Ordination plot of the first two canonical axes from the alveolar region with deformation grids derived of each the canonical axis. The directions of change in M. vivesi and facultative piscivores with respect to the consensus shape were indicated for the double-headed arrow. Three dietary groups were compared: insectivorous species (×), facultative piscivorous species (●), and piscivorous species (ì)