Fig. 1 in Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time

Fig. 1. Mimosoid evolution and diversity across precipitation gradients. (A) Phylogeny of Mimosoid legumes showing the evolution of precipitation niches and transcontinental dispersal events through time. Branch colors correspond to mean annual precipitation (MAP) estimates [see (C) for scale]. Pie charts at tips and nodes of named clades [sensu (24)] represent observed and estimated spatial distributions [based on area definitions in (D)]. Ancestral niches and areas were estimated using a complete metachronogram for Caesalpinioideae, including non-Mimosoid Caesalpinioideae taxa, but only the Mimosoid clade is shown here. Green circles on branches indicate shifts between precipitation categories [following (17)] that encompass a difference of at least 250-mm MAP; red triangles indicate postulated transcontinental dispersals according to the best-supported model. The six most species-rich genera are labeled. (B) Fractions of niche shifts and transcontinental dispersal events, averaged across multiple optimizations, relative to total phylogenetic splits plotted through time for 5-Ma bins. (E) Mimosoid growth form diversity across the tropical precipitation gradient, from deserts with <50-mm MAP (left) through savannas to rain forests with>5000-mm MAP (right). See the Supplementary Results for species names and photographers. See fig. S51 for more information.