Figure 4. Comparative phylogenetic relationship between the 11 in Well-known species, unexpected results: high genetic diversity in declining Vipera ursinii in central, eastern and southeastern Europe

Figure 4. Comparative phylogenetic relationship between the 11 regions with both mtDNA (left) and nDNA (right). left: Mitochondrial DNA tree based on the genetic distances of the different haplotypes (combining cytochrome b and ND4; 1920 bp) within each region. right: Nuclear tree based on Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards Dc distances (Cavalli-Sforza and Edwards, 1967) calculated with the software POPULATIONS 1.2.28 (Langella, 1999) based on 5 microsatellites markers. Dashed branches correspond to discrepancies between both phylogenetic reconstructions. Both trees were not rooted. The colours are different between subspecies: green: V. ursinii rakosiensis, yellow: V. u. moldavica, blue: V. u. macrops, grey: V. u. macrops from Bistra Mt., red: V. renardi.