Fig. 1 in Phylogenomics, biogeography, and adaptive radiation of grapes

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationship and ancestral areas of subgenus Vitis. (a) Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogeny of Vitis based on 2068 single-copy orthologous genes. All nodes are supported by 100% bootstrap support except from one, whose support is indicated in the figure. Numbers above branches indicate bootstrap support estimated in RAxML while numbers below branches indicate bootstrap support estimated in PhyML. (b) Ancestral area reconstructions of subgenus Vitis using BBM, implemented in RASP. Possible ancestral ranges and their respective probabilities are shown at each node. Most Likely States (MLS) are shown at the center of each node. The four areas of endemism considered are: (A) North America; (B) Europe and West Asia; (C) Northeastern Asia, North China, and the northern edge of the Himalayas; and (D) Central and South China, northern South Asia, and northern Southeast Asia. Dashed arrows indicate inferred migration routes for subgenus Vitis. Three possible migration routes of subgenus Vitis from North America to Euroasia are shown, i.e., the North Atlantic land bridges (NALB), the Bering land bridge (BLB), and intercontinental long distance dispersal (LDD).