Data from: In situ 15N-N2O site preference and O2 concentration dynamics disclose the complexity of N2O production processes in agricultural soil
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Arable soil continues to be the dominant anthropogenic source of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions owing to application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers </span><span>and manures across the world. Using</span><span> laboratory </span><span>and </span><em><span>in-situ</span></em><span> studies to elucidate the key factors controlling soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions remains challenging due to the potential importance of multiple complex processes. We<em> </em>examined soil surface N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes in an arable soil, combined with<em> in-situ</em> high</span><span>-</span><span>frequency measurements of soil matrix oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) and N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations, </span><em><span>in situ</span></em><span> <sup>15</sup>N labeling, and</span><span> N<sub>2</sub>O <sup>15</sup>N site preference (SP). The </span><em><span>in situ</span></em><span> O<sub>2</sub> concentration and further microcosm visualized spatiotemporal distribution of O<sub>2</sub> both suggested that O<sub>2</sub> dynamics were the proximal determining factor to matrix N<sub>2</sub>O concentration and fluxes due to quick O<sub>2</sub> depletion after N fertilization. Further SP analysis<em> </em>and<em> in situ</em> <sup>15</sup>N labeling experiment revealed </span><span>that the main source for N<sub>2</sub>O emissions was bacterial denitrification during the hot-wet summer with lower soil </span><span>O<sub>2</sub></span><span> concentration, while nitrification or fungal denitrification contributed about 50<span>.0</span>% to total emissions during the cold-dry winter with higher soil </span><span>O<sub>2</sub></span><span> concentration. </span><span>The robust positive correlation between O<sub>2</sub> concentration and SP values underpinned that the O<sub>2</sub> dynamics were the key factor to differentiate the composite processes of N<sub>2</sub>O production in <em>in situ</em> structured soil. Our findings deciphered the complexity of N<sub>2</sub>O production processes in real field conditions, and suggest that O<sub>2</sub> dynamics rather than stimulation of functional gene abundances play a key role in controlling soil N<sub>2</sub>O production processes in undisturbed structure soils. </span><span>Our results help to develop targeted N<sub>2</sub>O mitigation measures and to improve process models for constraining global N<sub>2</sub>O budget.</span></p>
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