Figure 1 in Higher-level phylogeny and evolutionary history of nonditrysians (Lepidoptera) inferred from mitochondrial genome sequences

Figure 1. Previous hypotheses on relationships among nonditrysian lineages. A, most parsimonious tree for combined 18S rDNA plus morphological characters from Wiegmann et al. (2002). B, synopsis of relationships inferred from morphology by Kristensen et al. (2007). C, maximum likelihood tree of the nonditrysian portion based on eight genes and 350 taxa from Mutanen et al. (2010). D, relationships among nonditrysian superfamilies inferred from 19 genes and 86 taxa by Regier et al. (2015). E, maximum likelihood tree of over 500 morphological characters and eight molecular genes of 473 taxa combined by Heikkilä et al. (2015). F, maximum likelihood tree of phylogenetic relationships among nonditrysian lineages estimated on phylotranscriptomics data of 28 taxa by Bazinet et al. (2017). G, estimated phylogeny of nonditrysian superfamilies of Lepidoptera synthesized from multiple previous studies by Mitter et al. (2017). H, evolutionary tree derived from a maximum-likelihood analysis of 749 791 amino acid sites from transcriptomes of 186 species by Kawahara et al. (2019). I, phylogenetic tree inferred using 1835 CDS nucleotides of 172 taxa by Mayer et al. (2021). Thicker lines indicate better supported groupings.