FIG. 4 in Bark anatomy of lianescent Bignoniaceae: a generic synopsis

FIG. 4. — Overall stem architecture of Bignoniaceae lianas: A, Stizophyllum riparium, transverse section (TS), stem with four phloem wedges. Hollow stem. Note phloem wedge with lateral steps; B, Tanaecium pyramidatum, TS, Phloem wedge devoid of lateral steps. Extremely wide rays limit the phloem wedges; C, Tynanthus cognatus, TS, Narrow lateral steps forming an almost perfect V pattern; D, Mansoa difficilis, wide steps, not forming a perfect V pattern. Scale bars: A, 0.5 cm; B, 1 mm; C, 400 μm; D, 200 μm.