Fig. 4 in Research Reconciling fossils with phylogenies reveals the origin and macroevolutionary processes explaining the global cycad biodiversity

Fig. 4 Historical biogeography of cycads. Estimates of ancestral areas were performed with a time-stratified model in Dispersal–Extinction–Cladogenesis (DEC) with fossils included (a) and with fossils excluded (b). The extant genera have been collapsed to focus on deep-time biogeography (for details within each genus, see Supporting Information Fig. S6 when fossils are included and Fig. S7 when fossils are excluded). The bottom-right corner legend indicates colored areas used in this study corresponding to colored squares for each node, representing inferred ancestral area(s) with the DEC model, and colored circles for fossil species representing known distributions (except for extant genera with one or two species only). The red-highlighted shades show the cycad expansion into Gondwana during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The bottom-left corner map represents the global paleogeography in the Jurassic (180 million years ago (Ma)). Paleomap used with permission © 2020 Colorado Plateau Geosystems Inc. Arrows indicate fossil species illustrated. Pictures from Mario Coiro. C, Carboniferous; N, Neogene; Perm, Permian; Pg, Paleogene.