Figure 5 in Large-scale snake genome analyses provide insights into vertebrate development

Figure 5. Evolution of blind and infrared-sensitive snakes (A) Specialized traits of blind snakes. (B) Gene regression underlies eye degeneration in blind snakes. Lost genes are shown in green. Heatmap showing the significant down-regulation of the expression of genes in blind snake eyes (QN, quantile normalized). (C) BSD-CNE-associated genes enriched in odontogenesis and bone-development-related GO terms. (D) Amino acids sequences alignment (left) and enzymatic activity (right) of CHIA. The amino acids in red are positively selected sites in blind snakes. The error bar represents mean ± SD of enzymatic activity. The enzymatic activity is significantly higher in Diard's blind snake (Student's t-test p value = 8.78e-09). (E) Infrared sensing-related genes in infrared-sensitive snakes. PSGs, REGs, and variation-shared genes are indicated in purple, blue, and red, respectively. Average expression levels (represented by FPKM) of these genes in seven tissues of the brown-spotted pitviper are shown. See also Figure S5 and Tables S4 and S5.