Assessment of dentinal crack formation using Otoscope, Ophthalmoscope and Dental operating Microscope during surgical apicoectomy at the resected root ends prepared with conventional and ultrasonic technique.

<p><strong>The aim of this study is to assess the formation of dentinal cracks during surgical apicoectomy and compare the use of conventional burs and ultrasonic tips for root end preparation. Additionally, the potential of otoscope and ophthalmoscope as alternative approaches for crack identification will be evaluated in comparison to the dental operating microscope. Thirty-two extracted human premolars will undergo standardized root canal treatment and will be divided into two groups. Group I will receive root end preparation using a conventional technique, while Group II will undergo ultrasonic root end preparation. Dentinal crack formation will be observed using otoscope, ophthalmoscope, and DOM at various magnifications. The presence of cracks will be assessed and compared between the groups. Through a review of the literature, previous studies have demonstrated the potential for dentinal crack formation during ultrasonic root end preparation. However, the efficacy of crack detection varied across different imaging methods. This study aims to contribute to the existing knowledge by comparing the effectiveness of different instruments in crack identification. The findings from this study will aid in selecting suitable restorative materials for root end restoration, minimizing microleakage, and increasing the success rate of endodontic surgery. The data will be statistically analyzed to determine any significant differences in crack formation between the two techniques and the various observation methods.</strong></p>