Doping of molecular semiconductors through proton-coupled electron transfer

<p>Doping of molecular semiconductors through proton-coupled electron transfer was conducted. Doping levels, electronic properties, and thin film structures of doped polymeric semiconductors were evaluated through conductivity, UV-Vis-NIR absorption, photoelectron yield, x-ray photoelectron, and x-ray diffraction measurements, where proton-coupled electron transfer reaction enable precise control of doping levels depending on pH of doping solutions under ambient conditions.</p>