Figure 7 in Genital coupling, morphology and evolution of male holding structures in Cicadinae (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Figure 7. Ancestral state reconstruction of anchor (left tree) and grip (right tree) traits mapped on the tree pruned from Marshall et al. (2018); filled circles at the tips represent the terminal states. Pie charts depict both the probabilities under maximum likelihood and the stochastic character mapping methods of each node (see probability values in Supporting Information, Table S1). Numbers above nodes indicate the nodes referred to in Results and the Discussion. Values inside the squares are the estimated state transitions, and values between the arrows are the estimated transition rates. Pictures to the left show the diversity of lateral thecal processes and vesical processes (scale bars: 0.5 mm; P. hilpa and M. angularis, 0.25 mm); pictures to the right show the diversity of cornuti and spines of the vesica.