Fig. 9. Compounds 4 and 5 in Eremophilane-type and xanthanolide-type sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Xanthium sibiricum and their anti-inflammatory activities

Fig. 9. Compounds 4 and 5 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in LPS induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound 4 (A) influenced the expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the relative levels of P-mTOR/mTOR (B) and P-AKT/AKT (C) were quantified. Compound 5 (D) influenced the expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and the relative levels of P-mTOR/mTOR (E) and PAKT/AKT (F) were quantified. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ##p <0.01 and ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01, and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.