Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 in Bisabolane-type sesquiterpenes from Vernonia amygdalina: Absolute configuration and anti-inflammatory activity

Fig. 10. Compounds 1–8 inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. A: The expression of relative proteins related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways involved inflammation, including PI3K, NF-κB (p65), and AKT RAW 264.7 cells. B–D: The relative levels of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/ AKT, and p-p65/p65 were quantified (mean ± SD. ###p <0.001, compared with the group untreated with LPS; *p <0.05, **p <0.01 and ***p <0.001 compared with the group treated with LPS.).