Historical Aerial Photografies of the Rio Grande do Sul

<p>This data paper discusses a collection of aerial photographs, which are scientific images obtained through cameras fixed on balloons, planes, drones, and other manned or crewless aerial vehicles. Initially, they were used to conducting studies on exploring space and landscape and territorial analysis. The images are a physical collection from a university in southern Brazil. The objective is to justify aerial photographs as research data in Geosciences.The study methodology is based on aerial photographs collected between 1960 and 2000. For 40 years, they were taken in road projects by the Autonomous Department of Highways (DAER RS), which had a Sector of Topography and Aerophotogrammetry. With its plane, the sector carried out around 240 aerial surveys between 1969 and 2001 (flight scales between 1: 2,000 to 1: 20,000), where around 60,000 photographs were generated and printed based on 170 rolls of film. The sample of pictures from this data paper is part of the raw data of the thesis entitled &quot;Morphodynamic complexity and anthropogenic diachronic in the northern coastal plain of Rio Grande do Sul.&quot; (Rocha, 2023), which is in progress. The work consists of identifying and characterizing geological indicators of environmental changes since the 1940s in a stretch of the north coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. RMK-ZeISS was then scanned with an A3 scanner with a resolution of 1200 Dpi. The methods and conditions used to collect data from aerial photographs are the same as listed; flight conditions, camera quality, flight height, and the scale of the photo are directly related to the generation of aerial photography. When an aerial photograph is printed analog, it does not have information on geographic coordinates, geometric attributes, time, and spatial or topological relationships; they are not georeferenced. Thus, even after digitization, the image needs to be cataloged and transformed into a georeferenced image format, the so-called geodata, such as GeoTiff, for later availability in geographic databases and used by geographic information systems. The plane&#39;s camera parameters are essential information for this type of survey data. For example, what was the plane? What is the flight speed and height? Visibility, flight date, time, and flight time? What is the region, flight ranges, and specific purpose of aerial mapping? What type of camera, lens focus, type of film used, film thickness, and filters? Finally, what is the developer equipment, and the development date?</p> <p>&nbsp;</p>