Fig. 37. Character 38. Male opercula development, states 0–9 in An Appraisal of the Higher Classification of Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with Special Reference to the Australian Fauna

Fig. 37. Character 38. Male opercula development, states 0–9: (0) more or less confluent with distal margin of tympanal cavity, well developed towards abdominal midline with sharply rounded apices facing midline, clearly separated; (1) more or less reaching margin of tympanal cavity (rarely beyond), directed towards distomedial margin of tympanal cavity, apically broadly rounded, not meeting; (2) covering rim of distal margin of tympanal cavity, overlapping; (3) distant from lateral margin of tympanal cavity, directed towards distomedial margin of tympanal cavity, apically tapering to a blunt point, inner margin straight, clearly not meeting; (4) tending linear, both outer and inner margins straight or nearly so, distal margin broadly rounded, distally expanded towards midline, reaching distal margin of tympanal cavity or beyond, not meeting; (5) reaching far beyond tympanal cavity to cover some 2⁄ length of abdomen, 3 clearly separated; (6) completely covering tympanal cavity, completely encapsulating meracanthus, not overlapping; (7) nearly triangular, strongly cupped, covering and extending beyond tympanal cavity, completely encapsulating meracanthus, not meeting; (8) narrow, tending parallel-sided, lacking a distinct lateral angle, development towards abdominal midline, short of distal margin of tympanal cavity, far from meeting; (9) lateral margin arising considerably indented from basal extremity, partly encapsulating meracanthus, distal margin nearly straight, never closing tympanal cavity.