FIGURE 1 in The effect of the Messinian salinity crisis on the early diversification of the Tettigettalna cicadas

FIGURE 1 Major geological events of the Western Mediterranean, Pleistocenic glacial refugia, and Tettigettalna spp. distributions. Panels (a–d) show a schematic of the evolution of the West Mediterranean region from the Tortonian to the late Pleistocene. (a) Mid Tortonian, depicting the three Eurafrican corridors that later closed, between 7.8 and 6.0 ma. (b) Late Messinian, during the salinity crisis an extensive land bridge formed between Iberia and North Africa. Arrow points to the Guadalquivir basin, a large saltwater basin. (c) Early Pliocene, land bridge is now disrupted, and the Guadalquivir basin has almost retreated. (d) Late Pleistocene, during the period when sea level was the lowest, according to Rohling et al. (2014), approx. 150 m lower. No land bridges are present during this period. Putative Pleistocenic glacial refugia of the Western Mediterranean inferred for flora (Médail & Diadema, 2009) are represented in green, and terrestrial fauna and flora (Gómez & Lunt, 2007) shown with broken lines. (e) Present day Tettigettalna spp. distributions are shown in orange, according to Puissant and Sueur (2010), Simões et al. (2014), Nunes, Mendes, Quartau, et al. (2014) and Costa et al. (2017). Legend: 1—T. estrellae; 2—T. josei; 3—T. mariae; 4—T. armandi; 5—T. aneabi; 6—T. defauti; 7—T. helianthemi helianthemi; 8—T. h. Galantei; 9— T. boulardi; 10—T. afroamissa. Species' distributions shown in brown overlap with those of other species. The distribution of T. argentata is not shown as it is widespread across several European countries and the Iberian Peninsula with exception of the Baetic ranges in southeastern Iberia. Scale bar = 100 km