Figure 4 in The shape of water: adaptations of cochlea morphology in seals and oưers

Figure 4. Comparison of tympanic membrane, oval window, and round window areas of terrestrial and aquatic Caniformia. A, the areas of the tympanum, oval window, and round window (N = 33) correlate with body length in terrestrial (green dots, N = 19) and aquatic (blue dots, N = 14) taxa. B, when the membrane areas are size-corrected, only the oval window areas correlate (not strongly) negatively with head-bodylength. C, we also tested for the median difference plots are themselves a visual testing method as described in Ho et al.. When the unpaired median differences between aquatic and terrestrial Caniformia differ from zero, this points to a clear effect size between the two groups (Ho et al., 2019). This is found for the tympanal membrane area that is smaller in aquatic Caniformia and the round window area that is larger in aquatic Caniformia. The unpaired median differences for the round window area were not exactly 0, but they were very close, indicating that if there is an effect it is minimal.