Global subnational Gini coefficient (income inequality) and gross national income (GNI) per capita PPP datasets for 1990-2023

<p>This dataset provides a gridded subnational datasets for</p> <ul> <li>Income inequality (Gini coefficient) at admin 1 level</li> <li>Gross national income (GNI) per capita PPP at admin 1 level</li> </ul> <p>The datasets are based on reported subnational admin data and spans three decades from 1990 to 2023&nbsp;</p> <p>The datasets are presented in details in the following publication. <strong><em>Please cite this paper when using data.&nbsp;</em></strong></p> <p>Chrisendo D, Niva V, Hoffman R, Sayyar SM, Rocha J, Sandstr&ouml;m V, Solt F, Kummu M. 2024. Income inequality has increased for over two-thirds of the global population. Preprint. doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5548291/v1" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5548291/v1</a></p> <p><strong>Code is available</strong> at following repositories:</p> <ul> <li>Gini coefficient data creation: <a href="https://github.com/mattikummu/subnatGini" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mattikummu/subnatGini</a>&nbsp;</li> <li>GNI per capita data creation: <a href="https://github.com/mattikummu/subnatGNI" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/mattikummu/subnatGNI</a>&nbsp;</li> <li>analyses for the article: <a href="https://github.com/mattikummu/gini_gni_analyses">https://github.com/mattikummu/gini_gni_analyses</a>&nbsp;</li> </ul> <p><strong>The following data is given (formats in brackets)</strong></p> <p>Gini coefficient:</p> <p>Please note, two distinct datasets for Gini cofficient are given. One based on SWIID national dataset, and another for WID national dataset. These are separated in file names as follows: &nbsp;_disp_ for SWIID (disposable income); _WID_ for WID. &nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>Income inequality (Gini coefficient) at admin 0 level (national) (GeoTIFF, gpkg, csv)</li> <li>Income inequality (Gini coefficient) at admin 1 level (subnational) (GeoTIFF, gpkg, csv)</li> <li>Slope for Gini coefficient at admin 1 level (GeoTIFF; slope is given also in gpk and csv files)</li> <li>Uncertainty (standard deviation for each year and admin area; uncertainty for slope) for Gini (based on SWIID) at admin 1 level (gpkg)</li> <li>Input data for the script that was used to generate the Gini coefficient (input_data_gini.zip)</li> </ul> <p>Gross national income (GNI) pear capita &nbsp;PPP (in 2021 USD):</p> <ul> <li>Gross national income (GNI) per capita PPP at admin 0 level (national) (GeoTIFF, gpkg, csv)</li> <li>Gross national income (GNI) per capita PPP at admin 1 level (subnational) (GeoTIFF, gpkg, csv)</li> <li>Slope for GNI per capita (log10) at admin 1 level (GeoTIFF; slope is given also in gpk and csv files)</li> <li>Input data for the script that was used to generate the GNI per capita PPP (input_data_GNI.zip)</li> </ul> <p><strong>Files are named as follows</strong><br><em>Format</em>: raster data (GeoTIFF) starts with rast_*, polygon data (gpkg) with polyg_*, and tabulated with tabulated_*.&nbsp;<br><em>Admin levels:</em> adm0 for admin 0 level, adm1 for admin 1 level<br><em>Product type:</em>&nbsp;</p> <ul> <li>_gini_disp_ &nbsp;for gini coefficient based on SWIID national dataset (disposable income)</li> <li>_gini_WID_ &nbsp;for gini coefficient based on WID national dataset</li> <li>_uncertainty_slope_gini_disp_ for slope uncertainty of SWIID based Gini</li> <li>_uncertainty_SD_gini_disp_ for standard deviation of SWIID based Gini</li> <li>_gni_perCapita_ for GNI per capita PPP</li> </ul> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Metadata&nbsp;</strong></p> <p><em>Grids&nbsp;</em></p> <p>Resolution: 5 arc-min (0.083333333 degrees)&nbsp;</p> <p>Spatial extent: Lon: -180, 180; -90, 90 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)&nbsp;</p> <p>Coordinate ref system: EPSG:4326 - WGS 84&nbsp;</p> <p>Format: Multiband geotiff; one band for each year over 1990-2021</p> <p>Unit: no unit for Gini coefficient and PPP USD in 2017 international dollars for GNI per capita</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em>Geospatial polygon (gpkg) files:&nbsp;</em></p> <p>Spatial extent:&nbsp;-180, 180; -90, 83.67 (xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax)&nbsp;</p> <p>Temporal extent: annual over 1990-2021</p> <p>Coordinate ref system: EPSG:4326 - WGS 84&nbsp;</p> <p>Format: gkpk&nbsp;</p> <p>Unit: &nbsp;no unit for Gini coefficient and PPP USD in 2017 international dollars for GNI per capita</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Version 3 changes (24.07.2025)</strong></p> <ul> <li>both datasets updated to cover 1990-2023 (previously 1990-2021)</li> <li>extrapolation method updated</li> <li>Gini data now produced also using WID national data as a base (previously only one based on SWIID was provided)</li> <li>uncertainty analysis done for Gini (SWIID)</li> </ul>