Data to support manuscript "Fates and fingerprints of sulfur and carbon following wildfire in economically important croplands of California, U.S."

Abstract Sulfur (S) is widely used in agriculture, yet little is known about its fates within upland watersheds, particularly in combination with disturbances like wildfire. This dataset includes samples collected within the Napa River Watershed, California, U.S., where high S applications to vineyards are common, and ~20% of the watershed burned in October 2017. The data package includes soil, soil leachate, and stream chemistry data from sites representing a combination of land use (vineyard agriculture and grasslands) and burn (burned and unburned). Bulk soil chemical measurements include total sulfur and carbon concentrations and sulfur stable isotopes. We then used a laboratory rainfall experiment to simulate a wet season of precipitation in order to compare unburned and low severity burned vineyard and grassland soil leachate chemistry. Soil leachate measurements include total dissolved sulfur, sulfate, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations, sulfate-sulfur stable isotopes, and the specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), an index strongly correlated with DOC aromaticity. We compared soil leachate chemistry to stream samples draining sub-catchments with differing land use and degrees of burn and severity to understand combined effects at broader spatial scales. Soil and stream chemistry are provided in separate data tables, and data from the laboratory rainfall experiment is included in the leachingexpts (leaching experimental record), leachingexpchem (chemistry), and leachingexpisotopes (sulfur stable isotopes) data tables.