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2,195 results for “2005”
LGHAP v2: Global daily 1-km gap-free PM2.5 grids (2005)
<p>A Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutants concentration dataset (abbreviated as LGHAP) is of great significance for environmental management and earth system science analysis. In the current release of LGHAP dataset (LGHAP v2), we provide 22-year-long gap free aerosol optical depth (AOD) and near-surface PM2.5 concentrations with daily 1-km resolution covering the global land area from 2000 to 2021. Leveraging an improved big earth data analytic framework with attention-reinforced tensor construction and adaptive background information updating schemes, gap-free AOD grids were firstly derived via an integration of multimodal AODs and air quality measurements acquired from diverse satellites, ground monitors, and numerical models. For better predicting PM2.5 concentration across the globe, a scene-aware ensemble learning graph attention network (SCAGAT) was then developed to account for large modeling bias over regions with limited or even none in situ air quality measurements. These datasets were archived in the NetCDF (nc) format, while data in every year were archived as an individual submission. Python, MATLAB, R, and IDL codes were also provided to help users read and visualize the LGHAP v2 data.</p>
LGHAP v2: Global daily 1-km gap-free AOD grids (2005)
<p>A Long-term Gap-free High-resolution Air Pollutants concentration dataset (abbreviated as LGHAP) is of great significance for environmental management and earth system science analysis. In the current release of LGHAP dataset (LGHAP v2), we provide 22-year-long gap free aerosol optical depth (AOD) and near-surface PM2.5 concentrations with daily 1-km resolution covering the global land area from 2000 to 2021. Leveraging an improved big earth data analytic framework with attention-reinforced tensor construction and adaptive background information updating schemes, gap-free AOD grids were firstly derived via an integration of multimodal AODs and air quality measurements acquired from diverse satellites, ground monitors, and numerical models. For better predicting PM2.5 concentration across the globe, a scene-aware ensemble learning graph attention network (SCAGAT) was then developed to account for large modeling bias over regions with limited or even none in situ air quality measurements. These datasets were archived in the NetCDF (nc) format, while data in every year were archived as an individual submission. Python, MATLAB, R, and IDL codes were also provided to help users read and visualize the LGHAP v2 data.</p>
Figure 5 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 5. – Development of Z. asper before hatching. A: Embryo at 4 days; B: Embryo at 12 days; C: Hatching at 20 days.
Figure 6 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 6. – Development of Z. asper after hatching. A: Larvae post-hatching; B: Pelagic larvae at 5 days; C: Benthic phase at 15 days; D: Juvenile phase at 40 days.
Figure 10 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 10. – Annual thermal cycle for different life phases of Z. asper. The "gametogenesis" phase starts when temperatures fall in September and continues throughout the winter but slows down in November when the temperature reaches 5°C. This period of time at 5°C, indicated as "vernalization" on the graph, lasts from November to February. The duration of this period is very important because it directly conditions the success of the reproduction. Rapid and regular rising of temperatures to 10°C triggers reproduction from the beginning of March and continues until the end of April.
Figure 3. – A in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 3. – A: Growth curve of the Z. asper group born in captivity (2008) descended from wild Z. asper from the Beaume. At 2 years old, some fish could not be sexed but all Z. asper were mature at 3 years and monitoring of both sexes was possible. At 5 years old, females are significantly longer than males. B: Quantity of food per week for 20 asper (Beaume 2008) in 2015. When the temperature reaches 14 to 15°C in May, Z. asper consume 3 times the quantity of food eaten at 5 to 10°C. From 20°C in July, consumption levels are more than 5 times higher than in the winter.
Figure 9. – A in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 9. – A: Comparison of incubation results as a function of cold period length from 30 to 120 days. More than 64,000 eggs were collected during these trials and all egg clutches were accurately counted at four key moments of the incubation process: on laying, at 10 days, at transfer for hatching and at hatching. From the first development stages, egg mortality declines as the length of the winter cold period increases. B: Clutch by clutch detail of the incubation survival rate of eggs for batches of "Beaume" broodstock subjected to 3 different temperature periods. The egg clutches produced during the same experiment are identified by an identical colour. Within the same group, survival rate results sometimes varied widely. The hatching rates for broodstock subjected to 90 days of vernalization are the most variable. This wide variability suggests that the 90-day period of cold temperatures creates a boundary, which determines whether reproduction is successful or not. C: Variation in hatching rate (mean and standard deviation) as a function of vernalization period length. Unlike those from the "Beaume" stock, Z. asper of "Durance" stock we used in 2016 and 2017 (captured in 2015 and 2016), were replaced between the two years. The hatching rate varies in accordance with the duration of the cold period experienced by the broodstock during the winter. For the "Beaume" broodstock, Kruskal-Wallis tests show that comparisons between the results obtained with the 120-day period and the other periods are significant (p <0.05). The length of the vernalization period clearly has an influence on the hatching rate. This test was also applied to data from the experiments involving both sets of stock and 120-day periods. As this test was not significant (p = 0.07), it demonstrates that both sets of stock reacted similarly to this vernalization period.
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (LAI_2001_2005)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change. </p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Operating diagram of hatching module, this module consists of two clearly separated sections, each consisting of two long tanks (2 × 0.2 × 0.2 m) designed to accommodate hatching boxes, a filtration tank and an independent water circulation pump with a cooling unit and UV sterilizer. This allows simultaneous monitoring of 16 batches of eggs. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of hatching module, this module consists of two clearly separated sections, each consisting of two long tanks (2 × 0.2 × 0.2 m) designed to accommodate hatching boxes, a filtration tank and an independent water circulation pump with a cooling unit and UV sterilizer. This allows simultaneous monitoring of 16 batches of eggs.
Operating diagram of larvae hatching module, this installation was used to determine the optimum larvae load during the rearing process and provided additional space for rearing several thousand larvae. It consists of nine 20-litre tanks with a glass panel along the front. They are fitted with an inlet supplying filtrated water at a rate of 100 l/h and an individual air inlet. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of larvae hatching module, this installation was used to determine the optimum larvae load during the rearing process and provided additional space for rearing several thousand larvae. It consists of nine 20-litre tanks with a glass panel along the front. They are fitted with an inlet supplying filtrated water at a rate of 100 l/h and an individual air inlet.
Operating diagram of hatching module in Zoug jars, this system consists of a 300-litre temperature-controlled isothermal enclosure containing 10 one-litre Zoug jars, each able to accommodate several hundred eggs. An ascending current holds the eggs in suspension and carries the larvae to the surface. Another bottle connected to this device collects the larvae. The water circulating in the jars is independent of that used in the filtration circuit. A cooling unit and UV sterilizer complete the installation. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of hatching module in Zoug jars, this system consists of a 300-litre temperature-controlled isothermal enclosure containing 10 one-litre Zoug jars, each able to accommodate several hundred eggs. An ascending current holds the eggs in suspension and carries the larvae to the surface. Another bottle connected to this device collects the larvae. The water circulating in the jars is independent of that used in the filtration circuit. A cooling unit and UV sterilizer complete the installation.
Operating diagram of IF incubator, two identical incubators were used for eggs that were already sorted. They are made up of an isothermal enclosure and contain three tiers (100 × 60 × 17 cm). The water circulating in each tier comes from the same filtration, cooling and sterilisation device. As a result, the eggs placed in the different tiers are subject to the same temperature regime. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of IF incubator, two identical incubators were used for eggs that were already sorted. They are made up of an isothermal enclosure and contain three tiers (100 × 60 × 17 cm). The water circulating in each tier comes from the same filtration, cooling and sterilisation device. As a result, the eggs placed in the different tiers are subject to the same temperature regime.
Bottom of DR1 tank, the sides of the module are fitted with glass panels which allow natural light from a window to enter the tank, and the observer to view the behaviour of the broodstock. This device ensures easy viewing and checking of the broodstock, facilitates management of feeding and allows effective monitoring of reproduction. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Bottom of DR1 tank, the sides of the module are fitted with glass panels which allow natural light from a window to enter the tank, and the observer to view the behaviour of the broodstock. This device ensures easy viewing and checking of the broodstock, facilitates management of feeding and allows effective monitoring of reproduction.
Top view of DR1/DR2 double riffle, each section contains a spawning ground made up of eight gravel-filled trays, a rest area. The "double riffle" was designed to accommodate two groups from 25 to 50 specimens of broodstock in strictly identical conditions. The spawning grounds are equipped with waterproof, motion-sensing cameras with infrared night vision, connected to a 1000 Gb recorder. The diurnal and nocturnal activities of the two groups can therefore be simultaneously recorded over a long period. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Top view of DR1/DR2 double riffle, each section contains a spawning ground made up of eight gravel-filled trays, a rest area. The "double riffle" was designed to accommodate two groups from 25 to 50 specimens of broodstock in strictly identical conditions. The spawning grounds are equipped with waterproof, motion-sensing cameras with infrared night vision, connected to a 1000 Gb recorder. The diurnal and nocturnal activities of the two groups can therefore be simultaneously recorded over a long period.
Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of DR1/DR2 double riffle; it consists of two independent sections (DR1 and DR2), each containing 630 litres of water and measuring 2.5 x 0.6 m. Each section contains a filtration system separate from the fish, a cooling unit and an ultraviolet sterilizer. An 80 W UQL lamp completes the lighting of the module lit during the day.
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays. in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Operating diagram of the incubator, two tiered modules contain six independent incubators. Three shallow hatching are (220 × 60 × 17 cm) stacked on top of each other to create a compact assembly in which each tier functions independently. Eighteen trays covered with eggs can be placed in each tier, allowing the simultaneous incubation of seven to nine lays.
Figure 8 in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 8. – Egg production as a function of age. These results were obtained from the number of eggs laid throughout the breeding season divided by the number of females that laid. The same bloodstocks (born in captivity in 2008) were used for 9 years. The maximum production was obtained at 6 years. The number of females was 17 at the beginning and 2 at the end (Tab. II).
Figure 2. – Z. asper eggs. A in Reproduction of Zingel asper (Linnaeus, 1758) in controlled conditions: an assessment of the experiences realized since 2005 at the Besançon Natural History Museum
Figure 2. – Z. asper eggs. A: Mature ovum on the right and immature ovum on the left. B: Extraction of milt, this operation is done first. C: A low pressure from the abdomen towards the anus with the index finger allows the ova to be extracted. D: The yellow colour of the ova is a good indicator of their good quality. E: Water can only be added when everything is well mixed.
Satellite-derived ground level NO2 concentrations, 2005-2019
<p>Ground level NO2 concentrations derived from OMI and TROPOMI satellite NO2 observations, as presented in Cooper et al 2021 (DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04229-0). NO2 column densities for the given year are determined using OMI observations, and downscaled to finer resolution using TROPOMI observations. Ground level concentrations are derived from downscaled column densities using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model constrained with ground monitor observations following the method outlined in Cooper et al 2020 (https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aba3a5) and Cooper et al 2021.</p> <p> </p> <p>Annual mean data are provided at ~1x1 km2 resolution at satellite overpass time (~1:30 PM local). Datasets are in netcdf (.nc) format.</p> <p> </p>
Stellar Population Spectra from Maraston et al. (2005)
<p>Models from <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005MNRAS.362..799M">Maraston (2005, MNRAS, 362, 799)</a>; <a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998MNRAS.300..872M">Maraston (1998, MNRAS, 300, 872)</a>. Data downloaded from <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220121155147/http://www.icg.port.ac.uk/~maraston/Claudia's_Stellar_Population_Model.html">http://web.archive.org/web/20220121155147/http://www.icg.port.ac.uk/~maraston/Claudia's_Stellar_Population_Model.html</a>.</p> <ul> <li> <p>SSP_Spectra_Maraston_hbMorphologyRed_imfKroupa.hdf5</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MNRAS.322..231K">Kroupa IMF</a></p> </li> <li> <p>“Red” horizontal branch morphology</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>SSP_Spectra_Maraston_hbMorphologyRed_imfSalpeter.hdf5</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955ApJ...121..161S">Salpeter IMF</a></p> </li> <li> <p>“Red” horizontal branch morphology</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>SSP_Spectra_Maraston_hbMorphologyBlue_imfKroupa.hdf5</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MNRAS.322..231K">Kroupa IMF</a></p> </li> <li> <p>“Blue” horizontal branch morphology</p> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <p>SSP_Spectra_Maraston_hbMorphologyBlue_imfSalpeter.hdf5</p> <ul> <li> <p><a href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1955ApJ...121..161S">Salpeter IMF</a></p> </li> <li> <p>“Blue” horizontal branch morphology</p> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.