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FIGURE 10 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 10. Further details of the skeleton of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (UFPB 5217, female, 236 mm DW). A) Neurocranium in dorsal view. B) Lateral view of left scapula. C) Pelvic girdle showing extent of median pre-pelvic process (UFPB 6100, male 174 mm DW). D) Gill arches in dorsal view, splayed to left (dorsal elements removed from right side). Abbreviations: adf, anterodorsal fenestra; afp, anterior foramen for preorbital canal; avf, anteroventral fenestra; bb, basibranchial copula; bh, basihyal; cb: ceratobranchial (1, 5); epi, epibranchial (2); fpf, frontoparietal fontanelle; hb, hypobranchial (1); ip, iliac process; isp, ischial process; lf, lymphatic foramina; nc, nasal capsule; msc, mesocondyle; mtc, metacondyle; of, obturator foramen; paf, parietal fossa; pb, pharyngobranchial (2); pc, procondyle; pcf, precerebral fontanelle; ph, pseudohyal (ventral); pop, postorbital process; pp, prepelvic process; prp, preorbital process; pvf, posteroventral fenestra; sp, supraorbital process.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 7. SEM photos of dorsal denticles near posterior mid-disc in Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., showing conspicuous morphology of rounded protuberances forming a Y-shaped pattern (MZUSP 10290).

FIGURE 12 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 12. Maps showing distribution of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. in the Rio Negro basin (on left) and in the region near Barcelos (on right), upper Rio Negro basin, highlighting sampling efforts underway by one of us (MLG) since the mid-1990's (note that some collection localities occurred in small streams not indicated on map).

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 1. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of holotype of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (adult female, MZUSP 117809, 371 mm TL). Note that specimen lacks distal tip of tail and anteriormost caudal sting (smaller, posterior caudal sting shown), and that disc is slightly curled in B.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of paratype of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (adult male, MZUSP 117806, 367 mm TL). Specimen was dissected to study ventral lateral-line canals (skin slightly displaced).

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of live adult male specimen. Note large, lighter blotches on back that in many specimens coalesce to form amphora- or Ω-shaped figure, smaller spots closer to disc margins, particular coloration on eyes, and lateral darker bands on tail (photo courtesy of J.K. Langhammer).

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 11. Clasper skeleton of adult male (UFPB 5216, 345 mm TL). A) Dorsal view. B) Ventral view. Abbreviations: at, accessory terminal cartilage; ax, axial cartilage; be, beta cartilage; bp, basipterygium; bs, basal segment; dm, dorsal marginal cartilage; dt2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; vm, ventral marginal cartilage; vt, ventral terminal cartilage.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 4. Live and freshly caught specimens of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., showing variation in dorsal color pattern. A) From aquabr.com.br/artigos/peixes/arraia-de-agua-doce. B–E) From R. Hardwick (specimens in D are neonates; note great height of dorsal finfold in tail above specimen in E). F–G) Courtesy of N. Labbish Chao (note distinct amphora-shaped mark on disc center in G).

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 9. Aspects of the skeletal anatomy and dermal denticles and spines of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., from radiographs in dorsoventral view. A) Head region (adult male paratype, MZUSP 117806, 367 mm TL). B) Right scapular region (specimen as in A). C) Right pelvic fin and adult clasper (specimen as in A). D) Base of tail region, showing distribution and development of dermal denticles and spines (paratype, MZUSP 117804, adult female, 325 mm TL). E) Tail and pelvic region, showing dermal denticles, spines, and caudal sting (paratype, MZUSP 104962, adult female, 345 mm TL). Abbreviations: ac, angular cartilage; apr, anterior segment of propterygium; at, accessory terminal cartilage; ax, axial cartilage; bp, basipterygium; cs, caudal sting; dm, dorsal marginal cartilage; dt2, dorsal terminal 2 cartilage; fpf, frontoparietal fontanelle; hyo, hyomandibula; mc, Meckel's cartilage; no, nasal opening (nasal aperture); mes, mesoterygium; met, metapterygium; pcf, precerebral fontanelle; pro, propterygium; prp, preorbital process; psc, prespiracular cartilage; scp, scapular process; vm, ventral marginal cartilage; vt, ventral terminal cartilage.

FIGURE 14. Typical habitats where Potamotrygon wallacei n in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 14. Typical habitats where Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. is common. Upper left: Igarapé Daraquá, near the mouth of Rio Itu, left bank of the Rio Negro just above Barcelos (AM, Brazil). Upper right: typical flooded forest ("igapó") habitat (Rio Itu). Lower left: live specimen resting in a tank in the Rio Itu, showing its great transparency. Lower right: Igarapé Cazurucu, affluent of Rio Itu.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 8. Ventral lateral-line canals of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp. (paratype, MZUSP 117806, adult male, 367 mm TL). Abbreviations: ajl, anterior jugular loop; ast, anterior subpleural tubules; hyoc, hyomandibular canal; ioc, infraorbital canal; iol, infraorbital loop; jug, jugular canal; man, mandibular canal; pjl, posterior jugular loop; pnl, prenasal loop; pst, posterior subpleural tubule; soc, supraorbital canal; sol, suborbital loop; spl, subpleural loop.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Neotropical freshwater stingray (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) from the Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil: the smallest species of Potamotrygon

FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of Potamotrygon wallacei n. sp., freshly captured specimen with heavy mucus cover (about 340 mm TL, 230 mm DW; Rio Cuari, Rio Negro basin; photo courtesy of N. Labbish Chao).

FIGURE 3 in Pitcairnia frequens (Bromeliaceae), a neglected new species from Morro dos Seis Lagos, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Pitcairnia frequens occurrence places at Morro dos Seis Lagos and inflorescences details. A. Verde Lake. B. Dragão Lake. C. Rupiculous population in the Verde Lake. D. Population between shrubs near Dragão Lake. E. Compound inflorescence. F. Simple inflorescence. G. Spreading flowers.

FIGURE 4 in Pitcairnia frequens (Bromeliaceae), a neglected new species from Morro dos Seis Lagos, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Intersection of the three areas of protection that include the Morro dos Seis Lagos (Hill of the Six Lakes). The large and darkest spot into Morro dos Seis Lagos Biological Reserve represents Morro dos Seis Lagos. It is near BR-307 that connects the municipalities of São Gabriel da Cachoeira to Cucuí.

FIGURE 2 in Pitcairnia frequens (Bromeliaceae), a neglected new species from Morro dos Seis Lagos, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Micrographs of Pitcairnia frequens in cross section. A. General aspect of the leaf with smooth adaxial and abaxial contour, and abrupt transition between the aquiferous tissue and the chlorenchyma. B. Sclerenchymatic sheaths surrounding the vascular bundles and phloem fibers. C. Adaxial epidermises, sclerified hypodermis, and aquiferous hypodermis. D. Stomata on abaxial epidermis. E. Pedicle of a peltate scale on abaxial surface. AH-aquiferous hypodermis, EP-epidermis, SC-substomatal chamber, SH-sclerified hypodermis. Scale bars: A-200 mm; B-100 mm; C, D, E-50 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Pitcairnia frequens (Bromeliaceae), a neglected new species from Morro dos Seis Lagos, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Habit of Pitcairnia frequens. A. Flowering habit. B. Detail of spine and scales in adaxial surface. C. peduncle bract. D. Flower with floral bracts. E. Floral bract. F. Sepals. G. Petal and androecium. H. Gynoecium. I. Stigma. J. Transversal cut of ovary, showing its axial placentation.

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Chloroceryle amazona decontaminated FSCR

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Distribution. Widespread in the upper Amazon, extending from NW Brazil (W of rios Negro, upper Uaupés, and Amazonas-Solimoes) into SE Colombia (S of the Rio Tomo in the Orinoco Basin, and perhaps the upper Rio Guyabero), and S into the Ecuadorian Amazon and NE Peru (to the N bank of the rios Maranon and Amazonas, W as far as the Rio Chinchipe); it occurs also S of the Rio Solimoes in a small area on the lower Rio Purus. Ma's Night Monkey (A. nancymaae) replaces it in a small enclave N of the Rio Maranon between the lower rios Tigre and Pastaza. in Aotidae

Distribution. Widespread in the upper Amazon, extending from NW Brazil (W of rios Negro, upper Uaupés, and Amazonas-Solimoes) into SE Colombia (S of the Rio Tomo in the Orinoco Basin, and perhaps the upper Rio Guyabero), and S into the Ecuadorian Amazon and NE Peru (to the N bank of the rios Maranon and Amazonas, W as far as the Rio Chinchipe); it occurs also S of the Rio Solimoes in a small area on the lower Rio Purus. Ma's Night Monkey (A. nancymaae) replaces it in a small enclave N of the Rio Maranon between the lower rios Tigre and Pastaza.

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Distribution. Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes and W of the Rio TapajosJuruena to the right bank of the Rio Guaporé and the left (N) bank of the Rio Madre de Dios in N Bolivia, also in SE Peru W to the Rio Huallaga and N as far the Rio Cushabatay at about 07° S. in Aotidae

Distribution. Brazil, S of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes and W of the Rio TapajosJuruena to the right bank of the Rio Guaporé and the left (N) bank of the Rio Madre de Dios in N Bolivia, also in SE Peru W to the Rio Huallaga and N as far the Rio Cushabatay at about 07° S.