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1,337 results for “Antarctica”
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Von Guerard Stream Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS03), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Von Guerard Stream (ALMS03).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Green Creek Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS04), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Green Creek (ALMS04).
Continuous soil temperature, specific conductance, and volumetric water content measurements from the Water Track B Active Layer Monitoring Station (ALMS06), McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2014-2021, ongoing)
As part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, five Active Layer Monitoring Stations (ALMSs) were established throughout Taylor Valley, Antarctica to support new research foci around the thermal-moisture dynamics of soils that may control habitat conditions and faunal responses to seasonal and annual freezing cycles in this ecosystem. Two ALMSs were established adjacent to streams (Green Creek, Von Guerard Stream), with sensors installed through the active layer from the thalweg out to the shoreline and dry soil beyond. Two ALMSs were similarly established adjacent to water tracks (Wormherder Creek, Water Track B) that are zero-order drainages of snow and ice melt that rarely have surface flow. The remaining station was established in dry soil (F6) to serve as an ambient control. ALMSs measure soil temperature, soil moisture (as volumetric water content; VWC), and specific conductance (as electrical conductivity; EC) through the active layer (soil surface down to the frost table) at several locations from the water’s edge to dry soils. This data package contains measurements from the Active Layer Monitoring Station at Water Track B (ALMS06).
Major ion and nutrient concentrations of water-soluble salts leached from aeolian material, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2016)
To evaluate the role of Antarctic aeolian transport in surface chemistry homogenization, fifty-three samples of aeolian material from the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica were collected and analyzed for water-soluble major ions and nutrients at a 1:5 sediment:water ratio. Samples were collected seasonally from Alatna Valley, Victoria Valley, Miers Valley, and Taylor Valley (Taylor Glacier, East Lake Bonney, F6 (Lake Fryxell), and Explorer’s Cove) at five heights (~5, 10, 20, 50, 100 cm) above the surface between 2013 and 2015. This data package is associated with Aeolian Material Transport and Its Role in Landscape Connectivity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, published by Diaz et al. in 2018 (DOI: 10.1029/2017JF004589).
Trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles, collected from Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2013-2016)
This data package contains measurements of trace metal, ion, and nutrient concentrations in aeolian samples collected from several locations throughout Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica during the 2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016 austral summers. Samples were collected by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research Program (MCM LTER) using Big Spring Number Eight (BSNE) isokinetic wind samplers located at Explorer’s Cove, Lake Fryxell at F6, East Lake Bonney, and Taylor Glacier. Samples were then subjected to experimental freeze-thaw cycles in a controlled laboratory setting to simulate supraglacial weathering processes and then analyzed to understand how freeze-thaw cycles affect nutrient, ion, and trace metal concentrations over time.
Distribution models of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019)
Long-term ecological field surveys from the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program (MCM LTER) have documented the abundance and diversity of microbial mat types across ephemeral glacial meltwater streams in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. However, field surveys are limited and are incapable of being performed across the entirety of streams within a field season. Therefore, we used remote sensing to examine the distribution of these diverse communities across streams in order to determine whether large scale distribution patterns are similar to those the MCM LTER has already thoroughly studied in situ. As part of our 2018-2019 field campaign, we established two to three 20 x 20 m plots within five different streams (Bowles Creek, McKnight Creek, a relict channel, Canada Stream, and Crescent Stream) in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. We performed point transect and quadrat field surveys of microbial mat and moss cover within each 20 x 20 m plot. We then used hyperspectral measurements of mat and moss collected in the field, previously archived in “Spectral and biological characteristics of microbial mats and mosses across Fryxell Basin, Taylor Valley, Antarctica (2018-2019),” in linear spectral mixing models to determine mat and moss coverage in the same 20 x 20 m plots within an atmospherically corrected WorldView-2 satellite image from Dec. 12, 2018. We ground truthed our modeled mat and moss abundances with our field survey coverages and determined the limitations of our methods. We then modeled mat and moss coverage across Huey Creek and Von Guerard Stream to apply our methods to streams without ground truthing measurements. Our results demonstrate the spatial distribution of moss and black, orange, red, and green microbial mat across Fryxell Basin streams. Observations of mat and moss coverage at the basin-wide scale are similar to those seen in localized stream areas.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1993-2022, ongoing)
The McMurdo Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project monitors patterns of organic material transport in perennial ice-capped lakes. This data set addresses this core area of research and quantifies dissolved organic carbon concentrations at specific depths in McMurdo Dry Valley lakes.
Shapefiles for glacier, stream channel, and watershed boundaries in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2023)
This data package includes shapefiles for selected glacier, stream watershed, and stream channel boundaries in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. A combination of satellite imagery and digital elevation models were used to delineate watershed and stream channel outlines, while glaciers were outlined by hand. Watershed boundaries provide an estimate of the overall topographic contributing area for each stream in Fryxell Basin, whereas stream channel boundaries provide a topographic area estimate for stream channel, beyond the wetted margin, for each stream.
Ion concentrations in discrete water column samples collected from lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1991-2019, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic aqueous geochemical sampling program has been undertaken. A series of terrestrial water samples have been collected and analyzed for major ion chemistry by ion chromatography. The concentrations of ions cover a wide range of total dissolved solids from fresh to hypersaline lake waters. This dataset shows concentrations of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, bromide, silicon, fluoride, SO4, found in various depths of Taylor Valley lakes.
Algal microbial mat biomass measurements from the McMurdo Dry Valleys and Cape Royds, Antarctica (1994-2025, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This dataset contains microbial biomass concentrations found in algal mats located in streams throughout the McMurdo Dry Valleys as well as in ponds of the nearby Cape Royds. Microbial mat biomass has been collected as part of the McMurdo LTER since the 1993-1994 field season and measured as ash-free dry mass (AFDM) and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a).
Seasonal high-frequency measurements of discharge, water temperature, and specific conductivity from Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1996-2020, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This package contains data pertaining to continuous monitored water quality and quantity parameters measured with automatic recording devices on streams in this region. Specifically, this metadata record describes the hydrology data set for the McMurdo Dry Valleys' Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at the F11 streamgage, located in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. Measurements commenced during the 1996-97 season and are ongoing. This dataset extends through the first half of the 2019-20 field season.
Surface and hyporheic porewater chemistry and sediment nitrification potentials in Von Guerard Stream, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2018-2020)
Surface water and hyporheic porewater samples were collected at high frequency during the 2017-18 (01/20/2018-01/21/2018) and 2018-19 (01/10/2019-01/12/2019) flow seasons, and opportunistically throughout the 2019-20 flow season (12/17/2019-1/25/2020) from the lower reaches of Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Porewater samples were collected using plastic tubing inserted to depths of 15 or 30 cm and drawn out by syringe. This data package includes sampling locations and water chemistry data (including concentrations for dissolved organic nitrogen species, dissolved organic carbon, silica, as well as water isotopes). A laboratory nitrification potential assay was performed on sediments collected from Von Guerard stream during the 2017-18 flow season to assess the functional microbial potential of the hyporheic microbial community to perform nitrification.
Hyporheic sediment characteristics from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present chlorophyll concentrations, percent loss-on-ignition organic matter, sorbed ammonium concentrations, and percent biogenic silica for hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from nine transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The nine transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface bulk sediment down to a depth of 10 cm. We analyzed the sediment samples for chlorophyll-a, phaeophytin, loss-on-ignition, ammonium sorbed to the sediment, and the UV absorbance at 254 nm of sediment extractions. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains diatom community assemblages for the same samples.
Hyporheic diatom community assemblages from Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica in January 2019
In this data package, we present diatom community assemblages from hyporheic sediments collected in January 2019 from six transects across Von Guerard Stream, Taylor Valley, Antarctica. These samples were collected to address questions about the retention and processing of particulate organic matter in the hyporheic zone of McMurdo Dry Valley streams. The six transects were located at pools, riffles, and meanders (three of each geomorphology type) along Von Guerard Stream and extended across the stream channel to the edges of the wetted zone, ranging from 6.6 to 13.6 m in length. At each sampling location, we collected subsurface sediment sample that was preserved in formalin directly after sample collection. We characterized diatom assemblages by counting a total of 300 diatom valves from each preserved diatom sample. This data package is associated with a complementary data package that contains hyporheic sediment chemistry for the same samples.
Biomass, stoichiometry, and isotopic signatures of stream microbial mats, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2012-2013)
We conducted a field survey to quantify the biomass (chlorophyll-a and ash-free dry mass), nutrient ratios (molar C:N:P), and isotopic signatures (δ13C and δ15N) of four microbial mat types (green, orange, black, and red) in the glacial meltwater streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. All samples were taken from late December to late January during the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 austral summers, and included sites from Taylor, Miers, Garwood, and Wright valleys. Most collection sites were located at the lake outlet of streams, but for a subset (e.g. Delta, Von Guerard, Onyx, Miers, and Canada) more than one sample site is included per stream system.
Physical and chemical characteristics of stream-associated snow patches in Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica during the 2021-2022 austral summer
Snow patches within and adjacent to stream channels in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, Antarctica were sampled during the 2021-2022 austral summer as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research program. This data package includes snow pit measurements (snow temperature, depth, density, and water equivalent) as well as chemical characteristics of snow samples that were analyzed for nutrient, cation, and anion concentrations.
Microplankton counts from discrete water column samples using flow imaging microscopy (FlowCam) from Lakes Fryxell and Hoare, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2007-2011)
This data package consists of microplankton counts from discrete water column samples collected at various depths in Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Samples were collected and preserved during the austral summer-autumn transition in 2007-2008 and in addition to routine McMurdo Dry Valley Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) core limnological sampling in November and December of 2008, 2010, and 2011. Data were imaged using flow cytometry (FlowCam VS-IV) and classified with statistical image-based software (Visual Spreadsheet, v4.17.14). These data include haptorian ciliates, filamentous cyanobacteria, and coccoidal algae particle counts per milliliter that were automatically classified from user-built libraries and statistical filters based on the morphological characterizations of the plankton.
Haptorian ciliate measurements from discrete water column samples using flow imaging microscopy (FlowCam) from Lakes Fryxell and Hoare, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (2007-2020)
This data package consists of particle diameter and biovolume data for haptorian ciliates classified from discrete water column samples collected at various depths in Lake Fryxell and Lake Hoare in the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. Samples were collected and preserved between November 2007 and January 2020 in Lake Fryxell and between November 2007 and March 2008 in Lake Hoare. Samples were collected and analyzed as part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) core limnological sampling. Data were imaged using flow cytometry (FlowCam VS-IV) and imaged particles were classified with statistical image-based software (Visual Spreadsheet, v4.17.14). Diameter and biovolume was generated for each particle using FlowCam’s area-based diameter (ABD) algorithm.
Daily summarized seasonal measurements of discharge, water temperature, and specific conductivity from Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica (1996-2020, ongoing)
As part of the Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica, a systematic sampling program has been undertaken to monitor the glacial meltwater streams in that region. This package contains daily summaries derived from 15-minute measurements of water quality and quantity parameters measured with automatic recording devices on streams in this region. Specifically, this metadata record describes the daily hydrological summaries for the McMurdo Dry Valley's Harnish Creek Tributary (Relict Channel) at F11, located in the Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley. Measurements commenced during the 1996-97 austral summer and are ongoing. This dataset extends through the first half of the 2019-20 field season.
Terminus lines of the Marr Piedmont Glacier at Palmer Station, Antarctica, from 1963 to 2023.
The Marr Piedmont glacier behind Palmer Station, on Anvers Island, Antarctica, has been in retreat for several decades. Since 1963, the terminus of the glacier has been intermittently mapped, initially with arial imagery, and then with GPS surveys. Annual mappings have occurred from 2017 onwards. This dataset includes both point and line GeoPackage spatial vector files, each of which includes the mapped terminus lines from each available year as individual layers.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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