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opencc-zeroAug 2020View details →

Data sets used in the manuscript titled "Ecosystem-level energy and water budgets are resilient to canopy mortality in sparse semi-arid biomes"

This data set reports water and energy fluxes, soil water content and sap fluxes measured at two adjacent pinon-juniper woodlands in central New Mexico from January 2009 to December 2016. This data set was used for the analysis in the manuscript titled "Ecosystem-level energy and water budgets are resilient to canopy mortality in sparse semi-arid biomes" submitted to JGR-Biogeosciences.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Supporting model data for paper: Measuring the impact of a new snow model using surface energy budget process relationships

Supporting model data for paper: Measuring the impact of a new snow model using surface energy budget process relationships which has been submitted to the Journal of Advances in Modelling Earth Systems: https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/2020MS002144 The experiment id h3hh corresponds to simulations with the ECMWF IFS with a single layer snow model. h3eg corresponds to the experimental 5-layer snow model. The timeseries are made by concatenating hourly data from day2 of forecasts initialised at 00UTC each day between Dec 1st 2013 and 1 June 2014.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Sex-specific selection on plant architecture through 'budget' and 'direct' effects in experimental populations of a wind-pollinated herb

Sexual selection may contribute to the evolution of plant sexual dimorphism by favoring architecture traits that improve pollen dispersal to mates in males. In both sexes, larger individuals may be favored if large size allows the allocation of more resources to gamete production (a 'budget' effect of size). In wind-pollinated plants, large size may also benefit males if it allows them to liberate pollen from greater heights, fostering its dispersal (a 'direct' effect of size). To assess these effects and their implications for trait selection, we measured selection gradients on plant morphology in both males and females, as well as pollen production and dispersal in males, of the wind-pollinated dioecious herb Mercurialis annua. In two separate experimental common gardens established at different densities, selection strongly favored plants dispersing their pollen further. Selection for pollen production was observed in the high-density garden only and was weak. In addition, male morphologies associated with increased mean pollen dispersal differed between the two gardens as elongated branches were favored in the high-density garden while shorter plants with longer peduncles bearing inflorescences were advantaged the low-density garden. Larger females were selected in both gardens. Our results point to the importance of selection on male traits that affect pollen dispersal, and to a lesser extent pollen production.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

Data from: When to monitor and when to act: value of information theory for multiple management units and limited budgets

1.The question of when to monitor and when to act is fundamental to applied ecology, and notoriously difficult to answer. Value of information (VOI) theory holds great promise to help answer this question for many management problems. However, VOI theory in applied ecology has only been demonstrated in single-decision problems, and has lacked explicit links between monitoring and management costs. 2.Here, we present an extension of VOI theory for solving multi-unit decisions of whether to monitor before managing, while explicitly accounting for monitoring costs. Our formulation helps to choose the optimal monitoring/management strategy among groups of management units (e.g. species, habitat patches), and can be used to examine the benefits of partial and repeat monitoring. 3.To demonstrate our approach, we use case simulated studies of single-species protection that must choose among potential habitat areas, and classification and management of multiple species threatened with extinction. We provide spreadsheets and code to illustrate the calculations and facilitate application. Our case studies demonstrate the utility of predicting the number of units with a given outcome for problems with probabilities of discrete states, and the efficiency of having a flexible approach to manage according to monitoring outcomes. 4.Synthesis and applications. The decision to act or gather more information can have serious consequences for management. No decision, including the decision to monitor, is risk-free. Our multi-unit expansion of Value of Information (VOI) theory can reduce the risk in monitoring/acting decisions for many applied ecology problems. While our approach cannot account for the potential value of discovering previously unknown threats or ecological processes via monitoring programs, it can provide quantitative guidance on whether to monitor before acting, and which monitoring/management actions are most likely to meet management objectives.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Fruiting strategies of perennial plants: a resource budget model to couple mast seeding to pollination efficiency and resource allocation strategies

Masting, a breeding strategy common in perennial plants, is defined by seed production that is highly variable over years and synchronized at the population level. Resource budget models (RBMs) proposed that masting relies on two processes: (i) the depletion of plant reserves following high fruiting levels, which leads to marked temporal fluctuations in fruiting; and (ii) outcross pollination that synchronizes seed crops among neighboring trees. We revisited the RBM approach to examine the extent to which masting could be impacted by the degree of pollination efficiency, by taking into account various logistic relationships between pollination success and pollen availability. To link masting to other reproductive traits, we split the reserve depletion coefficient into three biological parameters related to resource allocation strategies for flowering and fruiting. While outcross pollination is considered to be the key mechanism that synchronizes fruiting in RBMs, our model counterintuitively showed that intense masting should arise under low-efficiency pollination. When pollination is very efficient, medium-level masting may occur, provided that the costs of female flowering (relative to pollen production) and of fruiting (maximum fruit set and fruit size) are both very high. Our work highlights the powerful framework of RBMs, which include explicit biological parameters, to link fruiting dynamics to various reproductive traits and to provide new insights into the reproductive strategies of perennial plants.

IMPROVING COST BUDGETING IN ECONOMIC ENTITIES

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MECHANISM OF BUDGET POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN ENSURING MACROECONOMIC BALANCE IN OUR COUNTRY

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Quantifying the contribution of individual inputs used in Zero Budget Natural Farming

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Nutrients revisited: Sources, variability, and contribution of nutrient sources to the nutrient budget of freshwater aquaculture systems

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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Moral dilemmas: Insights about morality from forced choice and budget allocation methods

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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Comprehensive result data for a pathway for the German energy sector compatible with a 1.5°C carbon budget

This data set covers the results of an energy scenario for Germany within a 1.5°C carbon budget. It represents all relevant results from an energ system modelling excersise, coupling two complementary models. The data set consists of two excel files <ul> <li>Comprehensive results of the energy balance based Energy System Model (ESM) for the heat, transport and power sectors for Germany, disaggregated by consumption sectors (residential, service & commerce, industry, transport)</li> <li>Comprehensive results of the linear optimization energy system model REMix for power, heat and sector coupling</li> </ul> Methodology, models and scenario assumption are detailed in: Simon, S., Xiao, M., Harpprecht, C., Pregger, T., Gardian, H., & Sasanpour, S. (submitted). A pathway for the German energy sector compatible with a 1.5°C carbon budget. Sustainability.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Lean mass dynamics in hibernating bats and implications for energy and water budgets

Hibernation requires balancing energy and water demands over several months with no food intake for many species. Many studies have considered the importance of fat for hibernation energy budgets because it is energy dense and can be stored in large quantities. However, protein catabolism in hibernation has received less attention and whole animal changes in lean mass have not previously been considered. We used quantitative magnetic resonance body composition analysis to measure fat and lean mass in two systems of hibernating bats, emphasizing the importance of lean mass for energy and water budgets. For cave myotis ( Myotis velifer ), lean mass represented 38 and 25% (male and female respectively) of pre-hibernation mass gain. In Townsend's big-eared bats ( Corynorhinus townsendii ), lean mass accounted for 18 – 35% of mass change during hibernation, but lean only contributed 3 – 7% of the energy budget. Water is produced from the catabolism of both fat and lean, but net water production is much less than gross water production when accounting for the water required to excrete urea. Although most mammals can't rely on protein catabolism for metabolic water production due to the water cost of excreting urea, we propose a variation on the protein-for-water strategy whereby hibernators could temporally compartmentalize the benefits of protein catabolism to periods of torpor, and the water cost to periodic arousals when free drinking water is typically available. Combined, our analyses demonstrate that lean mass is dynamic in hibernation, with important functional consequences for both energy and water budgets.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

IMPROVEMENT OF BUDGET ORGANIZATIONS' ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING ON THE BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

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