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FIGURE 29 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 29. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch. A–D. FMNH UC 3653A, unknown locality, but probably Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, hook; D, left lateral. Note the disruption in the ribbing on the venter due to a nonlethal injury. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

FIGURE 9 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 9. Jaws of Hoploscaphites, AMNH loc. 3921, lower Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A–F. Species closely related to Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), microconch, AMNH 80109, with associated lower jaw (D-F). A. Right lateral; B. apertural; C. ventral, showing growth deformity manifested as a furrow along the midventer. D. Impression of the lower jaw. E. Left wing of the lower jaw. F. Right wing of the lower jaw. G. Tip of an upper jaw attributed to Hoploscaphites, dorsal view, AMNH 63600. H, I. Lower jaw attributed to H. crassus, AMNH 64498. H. Right lateral view, with hole. I. Close-up of hole. J. SEM of a lower jaw attributed to Hoploscaphites, AMNH 64512. The lower jaw consists of an inner black layer (left) originally composed of chitin, and a mineralized outer layer called the aptychus (right), originally composed of calcite.

FIGURE 26 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 26. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch. A–D. AMNH 135326, robust specimen with unusually widely spaced ventrolateral tubercles, AMNH loc. 3921, lower Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

FIGURE 27 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 27. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch. A–D. SDSM 149987, somewhat crushed, Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

FIGURE 18 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 18. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch. A–D. YPM 35608, YPM loc. A4778, lower Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Niobrara County, Wyoming. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

FIGURE 7 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 7. Scaphite terminology (after Landman et al., 2013: 9, fig. 3). A. Macroconch adult, right lateral view. Abbreviations: HH = whorl height at the point of recurvature; HP1 = whorl height at the adapical end of the phragmocone; HP2 = whorl height at the adoral end of the phragmocone; HS = whorl height at midshaft; LMAX = maximum length along the long axis; apt. <) = apertural angle. B. Microconch adult, right lateral view. Specimens were photographed from the right lateral, left lateral, ventral, and apertural directions. C. Close-up of the umbilicus of the macroconch showing the umbilical diameter measured parallel to the long axis (UD). D. View of the venter of the body chamber at midshaft, with the adoral direction toward the top, showing the width of the venter (VS), as measured between the ventrolateral margins.

FIGURE 14 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 14. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch, A–D. AMNH 72741, transitional to H. peterseni, AMNH loc. 3921, lower Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

FIGURE 25 in LARGE SCAPHITID AMMONITES (HOPLOSCAPHITES) FROM THE UPPER CRETACEOUS (UPPER CAMPANIAN–LOWER MAASTRICHTIAN) OF NORTH AMERICA: ENDLESS VARIATION ON A SINGLE THEME

FIGURE 25. Hoploscaphites crassus (Coryell and Salmon, 1934), macroconch. A–D. BHI 4292, Baculites baculus Zone, Pierre Shale, Cedar Creek Anticline, east-central Montana. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. Arrow indicates the base of the body chamber.

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Fig. 4 in A new species of the neopterygian fish Enchodus from the Duwi Formation, Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Western Desert, central Egypt

Fig. 4. Majority rule consensus of 222 equally parsimonious trees (TL = 263, CI = 0.53, HI = 0.47, RI = 0.75, and RC = 0.4). Numbers next to branches indicate the percentage of trees in which each clade is present.

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Fig. 3 in A new species of the neopterygian fish Enchodus from the Duwi Formation, Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Western Desert, central Egypt

Fig. 3. Digital reconstructions of the aulopiform teleost Enchodus tineidae sp. nov. holotype (MUVP 59) from the Campanian of central Egypt. Right dentary showing its caudal extent, otherwise obscured by matrix, in lateral (A) and medial (B) views. Caudal portion of the left anguloarticular in lateral view (C), showing its dorsal aspect, otherwise obscured by matrix. Right ectopterygoid showing its caudal extent and dorsal aspect, otherwise obscured by matrix, in lateral (D), caudodorsal (E), showing V-shaped trough for articulation with the dermopalatine, and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: d, dentary tooth; E, ectopterygoid tooth; numbers 1–13 indicate tooth position in the respective bone.

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Fig. 2 in A new species of the neopterygian fish Enchodus from the Duwi Formation, Campanian, Late Cretaceous, Western Desert, central Egypt

Fig. 2. Aulopiform teleost Enchodus tineidae sp. nov. holotype (MUVP 59) from the Campanian of central Egypt. A, B. Photographs of specimen in lateral (A1) and medial (B1) views; photographs with identifiable elements outlined, in lateral (A2) and medial (B2) views. C. Close up of denticles of the lateral tooth row.

Fig. 1 in A new mammal from the Turonian-Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania

Fig. 1. Digital surface reconstructions from μCT scans of the?gondwanatherian mammal Galulatherium jenkinsi sp. nov. (holotype, RRBP 02067) from the Turonian–Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania; left dentary in lateral (A1), medial (A2), anterior (A3), posterior (A4), dorsal (A5), and ventral (A6) views. Dashed line estimates the anterior margin of the masseteric fossa. Abbreviations: ch, lower cheek teeth; inc, lower incisor.

Fig. 5 in A new mammal from the Turonian-Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania

Fig. 5. Lower jaw reconstruction of the?gondwanatherian mammal Galulatherium jenkinsi sp. nov. (holotype, RRBP 02067, A) from the Turonian– Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania and gondwanatherian mammal Sudamerica ameghinoi Scillato-Yané and Pascual, 1984 (holotype, MPEFCH 534, B) from the Paleocene Salamanca Formation, Punta Peligro, Chubut Province, Argentina; in dorsal (A1, B1), left lateral (A2, B2), posterior (A3, B3), and anterior (A4, B4) views. The preserved left dentaries of both Galulatherium and Sudamerica have been digitally mirrored to approximate the conformation of the anatomy from the contralateral side. The displaced apical ends of ch2–ch4 in Galulatherium have been digitally repositioned (see SOM 4 for details regarding repositioning).

Fig. 3 in A new mammal from the Turonian-Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania

Fig. 3. Digital semi-transparent reconstructions from μCT scans of the ? gondwanatherian mammal Galulatherium jenkinsi sp. nov. (holotype, RRBP 02067) from the Turonian–Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania; lower left dental series in buccal (A3) and lingual (A4) views to illustrate the extent of the pulp cavity within individual teeth. Ghosted left dentary (medium gray) with teeth in-situ (light gray crowns, dark gray roots) to highlight hypselodonty and relative positions of teeth within the dentary (A1). Digital semi-transparent reconstruction of left dentary with teeth in-situ to highlight path of mandibular canal ( dark gray) (A2). Abbreviations: ch, lower cheek teeth; inc, lower incisor.

Fig. 2 in A new mammal from the Turonian-Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania

Fig. 2. Digital surface reconstructions from μCT scans of the?gondwanatherian mammal Galulatherium jenkinsi sp. nov. (holotype, RRBP 02067) from the Turonian–Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania; lower left dental series in buccal (A1), apical/occlusal (A2), abapical/ventral (A3), and lingual (A4) views. Abbreviations: ch, lower cheek teeth; d, distal edge of incisor; inc, lower incisor; ics1, incisor cross-section near alveolar margin; ics2, incisor cross-section near root tip; ln, lingual edge of incisor; dashed lines indicate the approximate locations from which incisor metrics were collected.

Fig. 4 in A new mammal from the Turonian-Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania

Fig. 4. Selected μCT slice images highlighting internal anatomy of the left dentary of the?gondwanatherian mammal Galulatherium jenkinsi sp. nov. (holotype, RRBP 02067) from the Turonian–Campanian (Upper Cretaceous) Galula Formation, southwestern Tanzania. Sagittal slices with top image corresponding to locations of slices through dataset. YZ150 (A1), YZ200 (A2), YZ225 (A3), YZ245 (A4), YZ253 (A5), YZ285 (A6). Abbreviations: ch, lower cheek teeth; inc, lower incisor.

Fig. 12 in The titanosaur sauropods from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina

Fig. 12. Titanosauria gen. et sp. indet. 4 from Salitral Moreno locality, Rio Negro, Argentina, Campanian–Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. A. Mid−posterior caudal vertebra (MPCA−Pv 862), in lateral (A1), ventral (A2), and posterior (A3) views. B. Mid−posterior caudal vertebra (MPCA−Pv 861), in dorsal view. C. Anterior−mid caudal vertebra (MPCA−Pv 863), in lateral view. D. Mid caudal vertebra (MPCA−Pv 864), in lateral view.

Fig. 9 in The titanosaur sauropods from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina

Fig. 9. Titanosauria gen. et sp. indet. 1 from Salitral Moreno locality, Rio Negro, Argentina, Campanian–Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. A. Right femur (MPCA−Pv 33/2), in posterior (A1) and distal (A2) views. B. Mid caudal vertebrae (MPCA−Pv 867), in lateral view. C. Right humerus (MPCA−Pv 33), in anterior view. D. Right tibia (MPCA−Pv 33/1), in lateral (D1), proximal (D2), and medial (D3) views. The arrow shows a sharp lateral ridge.

Fig. 6 in The titanosaur sauropods from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina

Fig. 6. Titanosaur sauropod Rocasaurus muniozi Salgado and Azpilicueta, 2000 from Salitral Moreno locality, Rio Negro, Argentina, Campanian–Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. Cervical vertebrae MPCA−Pv 859 (A), MPCA−Pv 860 (B), and MPCA−Pv 858 (C) in lateral views.

Fig. 2 in The titanosaur sauropods from the late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Allen Formation of Salitral Moreno, Río Negro, Argentina

Fig. 2. Titanosaur sauropod Aeolosaurus sp. (MPCA−Pv 27174) from Salitral Moreno locality, Rio Negro, Argentina, Campanian–Maastrichtian, Upper Cretaceous. A. First? anterior caudal vertebrae, in right lateral view. B. Third? anterior caudal vertebrate, in right lateral view. C. Fifth? anterior caudal vertebrae, in left lateral view. D. Tenth? anterior caudal vertebrae, in left lateral view. E. Haemal arch, in anterior view.