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609 results for “Critically endangered”
Data from: Rebuilding the critically endangered Yangtze finless porpoise population: Successful release from an ex situ conservation programme
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Impacts of African elephants and other environmental drivers on trees nested in by critically endangered white-backed vultures
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Data from: Reproductive ecology of the critically endangered pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri) in the wild
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Chloroplast genome of the critically endangered ginger Zingiber odoriferum Blume from Java, Indonesia: Characterization, comparison, and conservation insights
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Data for: Shifts in plant-invertebrate interactions between wild and ex-situ conservation populations of a critically endangered tree
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Drawing on local knowledge and attitudes for the conservation of critically endangered rhino rays in Goa, India
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Dietary plasticity linked to divergent growth trajectories in a critically endangered sea turtle
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Severe inbreeding, increased mutation load, and gene loss-of-function in the critically endangered Devil’s Hole pupfish
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Supplementary material 1 from: Guedes GHS, Salgado FLK, Uehara W, de Pavia Ferreira DL, Araújo FG (2020) The recapture of Leptopanchax opalescens (Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), a critically endangered seasonal killifish: habitat and aspects of population structure. Zoologia 37: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e54982
Figure S1. Photographic records of Leptopanchax opalescens in an aquarium after three hours of capture (Photos 1–3), and record of a male specimen with more exuberant color immediately after capture in its natural habitat (Photos 4–5). Date: March 19th, 2020; Coordinates: 22°42.35'S, 43°41.59'W.
FIGURE 2 in A description of the tadpole of the Critically Endangered Botsford's leaf-litter frog (Leptobrachella botsfordi) with comments on the distribution and conservation status of the species
FIGURE 2. Tadpoles of Leptobrachella botsfordi in life. A and B, lateral views of VNMN 010898 and VNMN 010899 (Stage 25 and 26 respectively); C and D, body dorsal and ventral view of VNMN 010898; E and F, body dorsal and ventral view of VNMN 010899; G, unvouchered specimen at Stage 44 (total length 32.4 mm) in life. Scale bar in A–F is 0.5 cm.
FIGURE 1 in A description of the tadpole of the Critically Endangered Botsford's leaf-litter frog (Leptobrachella botsfordi) with comments on the distribution and conservation status of the species
FIGURE 1. Tadpole of Leptobrachella botsfordi in preservative (VNMN 010899, Stage 26): A–C, lateral, dorsal, and ventral views; and D, oral disc. Scale bar is 0.5 cm in A–C and 0.5 mm in D.
FIGURE 3. A in A description of the tadpole of the Critically Endangered Botsford's leaf-litter frog (Leptobrachella botsfordi) with comments on the distribution and conservation status of the species
FIGURE 3. A, The updated distribution range of Leptobrachella botsfordi in the Hoang Lien Range, northwest Vietnam. Solid blue area represents presumed range and cross-hatched blue area denotes areas where this species may be possibly extant. Blue outline denotes species' Extent of Occurrence. B, gravel mining at the type locality of L. botsfordi in September 2017.
Triennial migration and philopatry in the critically endangered soupfin shark (Galeorhinus galeus)
<p>Globally, one-quarter of shark and ray species is threatened with extinction due to overfishing. Effective conservation and management can facilitate population recoveries; however, these efforts depend on robust data on movement patterns and stock structure, which are lacking for many threatened species, including the Critically Endangered soupfin shark (<em>Galeorhinus galeus)</em>, a circumglobal coastal-pelagic species.</p> <p>Using passive acoustic telemetry, we continuously tracked 34 mature female soupfin sharks, surgically implanted with coded acoustic transmitters, for seven years via 337 underwater acoustic receivers stationed along the west coast of North America. These sharks and an additional six were also externally fitted with spaghetti identification tags. Our tagging site was a shallow rocky reef off La Jolla (San Diego County), California, USA, where adult females were observed to aggregate every summer.</p> <p>Tagged soupfin sharks were highly migratory along the west coast of North America, between Washington, USA and Baja California Sur, Mexico. However, every three years, they returned to waters off La Jolla, California, where they underwent gestation. This is the first conclusive evidence of triennial migration and philopatry ('home-loving') in any animal, which is apparently driven by this species' unusual triennial reproductive cycle. Females of other shark and ray species with triennial reproductive cycles are also likely to exhibit triennial cycles of migration and philopatry.</p> <p>At least six (15%) of our tagged soupfin sharks were killed in commercial gillnets in Mexico.</p> <p>Policy implications. Identifying multiennial migratory cycles of mature females can reveal hidden stock structure in the form of discrete breeding cohorts, which are spatially and temporally segregated as they cycle through different reproductive phases. Accounting for this complexity may improve the performance of spatially structured stock assessment models, particularly when fishery removals are spatially heterogeneous, as well as inform the spatiotemporal design of fishery-independent surveys. In the US, the soupfin shark is neither actively managed nor recognized as a Highly Migratory Species; however, given the highly migratory behavior we report, this designation should be revisited by the US Pacific Fishery Management Council. Finally, given the extensive fishery removals in Mexico, any future management must be internationally cooperative.</p>
Data from: Low genetic diversity and strong population structure shaped by anthropogenic habitat fragmentation in a critically endangered primate, Trachypithecus leucocephalus
Habitat fragmentation may strongly impact population genetic structure and reduce the genetic diversity and viability of small and isolated populations. The white-headed langur (Trachypithecus leucocephalus) is a critically endangered primate species living in a highly fragmented and human-modified habitat in southern China. We examined the population genetic structure and genetic diversity of the species and investigated the environmental and anthropogenic factors that may have shaped its population structure. We used 214 unique multi-locus genotypes from 41 social groups across the main distribution area of T. leucocephalus, and found strong genetic structure and significant genetic differentiation among local populations. Our landscape genetic analyses using a causal modelling framework suggest that a large habitat gap and geographical distance represent the primary landscape elements shaping genetic structure, yet high levels of genetic differentiation also exist between patches separated by a small habitat gap or road. This is the first comprehensive study that has evaluated the population genetic structure and diversity of T. leucocephalus using nuclear markers. Our results indicate strong negative impacts of anthropogenic land modifications and habitat fragmentation on primate genetic connectivity between forest patches. Our analyses suggest that two management units of the species could be defined, and indicate that habitat continuity should be enforced and restored to reduce genetic isolation and enhance population viability.
Data from: Temporal patterns in the abundance of a critically endangered marsupial relates to disturbance by roads and agriculture
The aim of this study was to investigate how landscape disturbance associated with roads, agriculture and forestry influenced temporal patterns in woylie (Bettongia penicillata) abundance before, during and after periods of rapid population change. Data were collected from an area of approximately 140,000 ha of forest within the Upper Warren region in south-western Australia. Woylie abundance was measured using cage trapping at 22 grid and five transect locations with varying degrees of landscape disturbance between 1994 and 2012. We found evidence that the distribution and abundance of woylies over time appears to be related to the degree of fragmentation by roads and proximity to agriculture. Sites furthest from agriculture supported a greater abundance of woylies and had slower rates of population decline. Sites with fewer roads had a greater abundance of woylies generally and a greater rate of increase in abundance after the implementation of invasive predator control. The results of this study suggest that landscape disturbance is less important at peak population densities, but during times of environmental and population change, sites less dissected by roads and agriculture better support woylie populations. This may be due to the role these factors play in increasing the vulnerability of woylies to introduced predators, population fragmentation, weed species invasion, mortality from road collisions or a reduction in available habitat. Strategies that reduce the impact of disturbance on woylie populations could include the rationalisation of forest tracks and consolidation of contiguous habitat through the acquisition of private property. Reducing the impact of disturbance in the Upper Warren region could improve the resilience of this critically important woylie population during future environmental change.
Data from: Genetic diversity of the critically endangered lake minnow Eupallasella percnurus in Poland and its implications for conservation
The lake minnow (Eupallasella percnurus) is critically endangered. In this paper we characterize the genetic properties of this fish over its range of occurrence in Poland and propose the use of this knowledge in its active protection. Twelve populations of lake minnow from across its range in Poland were investigated. 13 microsatellite loci were investigated to evaluate genetic variation and distance among populations. The magnitude of the genetic bottleneck or founder effects was investigated. In the studied populations, the allelic diversity and heterozygosity showed that genetic variation in this species is low. At most loci, only 2–3 alleles per population were detected. The average number of alleles detected across all loci was 35, and ranged from 24 to 53. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) across all investigated loci was 0.38 (range 0.21–0.59); the average expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.36 (range 0.18–0.55). The populations remained in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average Garza-Williamson M index value for all populations was low (0.47), suggesting a reduction in genetic variation due to a founder effect or a genetic bottleneck. Genetic distance among populations was high or very high (FST range: 0.20–0.64; δμ2 range: 1.32–16.98); this was likely a consequence of low gene flow among isolated populations, a founder effect or other genetic bottleneck, and strong genetic drift. The large genetic differences among the investigated lake minnow populations are likely to also exist among other populations of this species, and knowledge of these differences should inform active protection programs based on translocation of wild or cultivated fish of this species. The method presented here can potentially be applied to any population of lake minnows or closely related species.
Data from: A comparison of pedigree- and genetic-based measures for identifying inbreeding depression in the critically endangered Attwater's Prairie-chicken
The primary goal of captive breeding programs for endangered species is to prevent extinction, a component of which includes the preservation of genetic diversity and avoidance of inbreeding. This is typically accomplished by minimizing mean kinship in the population, thereby maintaining equal representation of the genetic founders used to initiate the captive population. If errors in the pedigree do exist, such an approach becomes less effective for minimizing inbreeding depression. In this study both pedigree- and DNA-based methods were used to assess whether inbreeding depression existed in the captive population of the critically endangered Attwater's Prairie-chicken (Tympanuchus cupido attwateri), a subspecies of prairie grouse that has experienced a significant decline in abundance and concurrent reduction of neutral genetic diversity. When examining the captive population for signs of inbreeding, variation in pedigree-based inbreeding coefficients (f_pedigree) was less than that obtained from DNA-based methods (f_DNA). Mortality of chicks and adults in captivity were also positively correlated with parental relatedness (r_DNA) and f_DNA, respectively, while no correlation was observed with pedigree-based measures when controlling for additional variables such as age, breeding facility, gender, and captive/release status. Further, individual homozygosity by loci (HL) and parental r_DNA values were positively correlated with adult mortality in captivity and the occurrence of a lethal congenital defect in chicks, respectively, suggesting that inbreeding may be a contributing factor increasing the frequency of this condition among Attwater's Prairie-chickens. This study highlights the importance of using DNA-based methods to better inform management decisions when pedigrees are incomplete or errors may exist due to uncertainty in pairings.
Data from: The biogeography of introgression in the critically endangered African monkey Rungweceubs kipunji
In the four years since its original description, the taxonomy of the kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji), a geographically restricted and critically endangered African monkey, has been the subject of much debate, and recent research suggesting that the first voucher specimen of Rungwecebus has baboon mitochondrial DNA has intensified the controversy. We show that Rungwecebus from a second region of Tanzania has a distinct mitochondrial haplotype that is basal to a clade containing all Papio species and the original Rungwecebus voucher, supporting the placement of Rungwecebus as the sister taxon of Papio and its status as a separate genus. We suggest that the Rungwecebus population in the Southern Highlands has experienced geographically localized mitochondrial DNA introgression from Papio, while the Ndundulu population retains the true Rungwecebus mitochondrial genome.
Data from: Genome sequence and population declines in the critically endangered greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) and implications for conservation
Background: The greater bamboo lemur (Prolemur simus) is a member of the Family Lemuridae that is unique in their dependency on bamboo as a primary food source. This Critically Endangered species lives in small forest patches in eastern Madagascar, occupying a fraction of its historical range. Here we sequence the genome of the greater bamboo lemur for the first time, and provide genome resources for future studies of this species that can be applied across its distribution. Results: Following whole genome sequencing of five individuals we identified over 152,000 polymorphic single nucleotide variants (SNVs), and evaluated geographic structuring across nearly 19k SNVs. We characterized a stronger signal associated with a north-south divide than across elevations for our limited samples. We also evaluated the demographic history of this species, and infer a dramatic population crash. This species had the largest effective population size (estimated between ~900,000 to one million individuals) between approximately 60,000-90,000 years before present (ybp), during a time in which global climate change affected terrestrial mammals worldwide. We also note the single sample from the northern portion of the extant range had the largest effective population size around 35,000 ybp. Conclusions: From our whole genome sequencing we recovered an average genomic heterozygosity of 0.0037%, comparable to other lemurs. Our demographic history reconstructions recovered a probable climate-related decline (60-90,000 ybp), followed by a second population decrease following human colonization, which has reduced the species to a census size of approximately 1,000 individuals. The historical distribution was likely a vast portion of Madagascar, minimally estimated at 44,259 km2, while the contemporary distribution is only ~1,700 km2. The decline in effective population size of 89-99.9% corresponded to a vast range retraction. Conservation management of this species is crucial to retain genetic diversity across the remaining isolated populations.
Data from: Facultative parthenogenesis in a critically endangered wild vertebrate
Facultative parthenogenesis — the ability of sexually reproducing species to sometimes produce offspring asexually — is known from a wide range of ordinarily sexually reproducing vertebrates in captivity, including some birds, reptiles and sharks 1, 2 and 3. Despite this, free-living parthenogens have never been observed in any of these taxa in the wild, although two free-living snakes were recently discovered each gestating a single parthenogen — one copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) and one cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus). Vertebrate parthenogens are characterized as being of the homogametic sex (e.g., females in sharks, males in birds) and by having elevated homozygosity compared to their mother 1, 2 and 3, which may reduce their viability. Although it is unknown if either of the parthenogenetic snakes would have been carried to term or survived in the wild, facultative parthenogenesis might have adaptive significance. If this is true, it is reasonable to hypothesize that parthenogenesis would be found most often at low population density, when females risk reproductive failure because finding mates is difficult. Here, we document the first examples of viable parthenogens living in a normally sexually reproducing wild vertebrate, the smalltooth sawfish (Pristis pectinata). We also provide a simple approach to screen any microsatellite DNA database for parthenogens, which will enable hypothesis-driven research on the significance of vertebrate parthenogenesis in the wild.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.