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656 results for “Darwin”
Zonal and meridional wind measured by meteor radar at Darwin
<p>Meteor wind radar is operating at Darwin, Australia (12.3° S, 130.8° E) since January 2005. This data set represents hourly zonal and meridional wind from 2005 to 2008.</p>
Following Darwin's footsteps: Evaluating the impact of an activity designed for elementary school students to link historically important evolution key concepts on their understanding of natural selection
<p>While several researchers have suggested that evolution should be explored from the initial years of schooling, little information is available on effective resources to enhance elementary school students' level of understanding of evolution by natural selection (LUENS). For the present study, we designed, implemented and evaluated an educational activity planned for fourth graders to explore concepts and conceptual fields that were historically important for the discovery of natural selection. Observation field notes and students' productions were used to analyse how the students explored the proposed activity. Additionally, an evaluation framework consisting of a test, the evaluation criteria and the scoring process was applied in two fourth-grade classes to estimate elementary school students' LUENS before and after engaging in the activity. Our results suggest that our activity allowed students to effectively link all of the key concepts in the classroom and produced a significant increase in their LUENS. These results indicate that our activity had a positive impact on students' understanding of natural selection. They also reveal that additional activities and minor fine-tuning of the present activity are required to further support students' learning about the concept of differential reproduction. We also observed a low level of teleological predictions for both pre- and post-tests. --</p>
Data from: Darwin's naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions
<p>Although phylogenetic distance between native and exotic species has a close link with their interactions, it is still unclear how environmental stresses and species interactions influence the relationship between phylogenetic distance and biological invasions. Here we assessed the effect of invader-native phylogenetic distance on the growth of the invader (<em>Symphyotrichum subulatum</em>) under three levels of drought (no, moderate or intensive drought). Under no drought, interspecific competition between close relatives was the dominant process, and native communities more closely related to the invader showed higher resistance to invasion, supporting Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In contrast, under intensive drought, facilitation between close relatives by mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) became more important, and the invader became more successful in their more closely related native communities, supporting the pre-adaptation hypothesis. The colonization rate of AMF of the invader was higher in more closely related native communities regardless of the drought treatment, but it was only positively related to invader biomass under intensive drought. Therefore, the shift of species interactions from competition to facilitation may be ascribed to the promotion of AMF to invasion occurring under intensive drought, which leads to the effect of closely related natives on the invader shifting from negative to positive. Our results provide a new angle to resolve Darwin's naturalization conundrum from the change of species interactions along a stress gradient, and provide important clues for invasion management when species interactions change in response to global climatic change.</p>
Data used in the article "Variable rate of ageing within species: insights from Darwin's frogs"
<p>Data used in the article "Variable rate of ageing within species: insights from Darwin’s frogs" published by the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. This includes four population-specific .csv files formatted as required by the R's BaSTA package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/BaSTA/index.html). The variables in each file are: ID (number of each individual), Birth (estimated year of birth), Death (in our study this variable is unknown for all individuals), and each year of capture-recapture data from 2014 to 2020 (a 1 indicates that individual was captured a given year, while a 0 indicates the individual was not captured that year). If you plan to use this dataset, we strongly recommned to contact the project leader, Andrés Valenzuela-Sánchez, at: andresvalenzuela.zoo@gmail.com or avalenzuela@ranitadedarwin.org.</p>
Fig. 11 in Darwin wasps of the genus Seticornuta Morley, 1913 (Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae) in the Neotropical region, with a key to species
Fig. 11. Geographic distribution of species of Seticornuta Morley, 1913 in the Neotropical region.
Illustrative Darwin core archive to output data from a citizen science platform to a collection management system
<p>Illustrative DwC archive to send data back to a collection management system from a citizen sciences platform. This illustrative archive displays the specimens used for the trans-institutional and trans-platform pilot project held in the frame of ICEDIG.</p> <p>Further description of its content in the milestone28 document, worpackage 5.2 of the ICEDIG project.</p>
ECCO-Darwin ED-SBS model and running instructions for "Biogeochemical river runoff drives intense coastal Arctic Ocean outgassing"
<p>Here is the model code and instructions file to run the ED-SBS simulations of "Biogeochemical river runoff drives intense Arctic Ocean outgassing" article.</p> <p>For more informations follow the instructions in the README.md file.</p>
Fig. 21 in A new Darwin wasp genus, Soliga (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Metopiinae), from India
Fig. 21. Collection localities of Soliga ecarinata gen. et sp. nov.
Data from: Darwin’s naturalization conundrum reconciled by changes of species interactions
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Evidence for rapid downward fecundity selection in an ectoparasite (Philornis downsi) with earlier host mortality in Darwin’s finches
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Data from: Weak sperm differentiation in Darwin's finches
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Darwin’s vexing contrivance: A new hypothesis for why some flowers have two kinds of anther
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Following Darwin’s footsteps: Evaluating the impact of an activity designed for elementary school students to link historically important evolution key concepts on their understanding of natural selection
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Data from: Good guardian, bad parent: tradeoffs between territory defense and parental care in Darwin’s finches
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Data from: The ecology and evolution of seed predation by Darwin's finches on Tribulus cistoides on the Galápagos Islands
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Data from: Hybridization fluctuates with rainfall in Darwin's tree finches
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Data from: Anisogamy and the Darwin-Bateman paradigm
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Darwin's finch foraging behaviour and naris size
<p>The avian beak is a key morphological trait used for foraging. If parasites alter beak shape, we expect changes in host foraging behaviour. Nestling Darwin's finches on the Galápagos Islands experience naris size enlargement caused by <i>Philornis downsi </i>larvae. We predict (1) altered foraging behaviour in birds with malformed beaks from <i>P. downsi</i>. To test the evolutionary implications of naris malformation, we predict (2) changes in foraging niche overlap between sympatric species, and (3) worse body condition in birds with malformed beaks. Our focal species are small tree finch (<i>Camarhynchus parvulus</i>), medium tree finch (<i>C. pauper</i>), hybrid tree finch (<i>Camarhynchus spp</i>.), and small ground finch (<i>Geospiza fuliginosa</i>) on Floreana Island. With the exception of hybrid finches, Darwin's finch species with malformed beaks exhibited increased surface prey removal and decreased hidden prey extraction during foraging. Naris size enlargement, and different beak size traits per species, was associated with worse body condition in <i>Camarhynchus</i> finches. Divergence can be rapidly undone when introduced parasites alter functional morphological traits that create ecological distinctiveness in species.</p>
Data from: The adaptive genomic landscape of beak morphology in Darwin's finches
Beak shape in Darwin's ground finches (Geospiza) is emblematic of natural selection and adaptive radiation, yet our understanding of the genetic basis of beak shape variation, and thus the genetic target of natural selection, is still evolving. Here we reveal the genomic architecture of beak shape variation using genomewide comparisons of four closely related and hybridizing species across 13 islands subject to parallel natural selection. Pairwise contrasts among species were used to identify a large number of genomic loci that are consistently related to species differences across a complex landscape. These loci are associated with hundreds of genes that have enriched GO categories significantly associated with development. One genomic region of particular interest is a section of Chromosome 1A with many candidate genes and increased linkage. The distinct, pointed beak shape of the cactus finch is linked to an excess of intermediate frequency alleles and increased heterozygosity in significant SNPs, but not across the rest of the genome. Alleles associated with pointier beaks among species were associated with pointier-beaked populations within each species, thus establishing a common basis for natural selection, species divergence and adaptive radiation. The adaptive genomic landscape for Darwin's finches mirrors theoretical expectations based on morphological variation. The implication that a large number of genes are actively maintained to facilitate beak variation across parallel populations with documented interspecies admixture challenges our understanding of evolutionary processes in the wild.
Data from: Resolving the phylogenetic position of Darwin's extinct ground sloth (Mylodon darwinii) using mitogenomic and nuclear exon data
Mylodon darwinii is the extinct giant ground sloth named after Charles Darwin, who first discovered its remains in South America. We have successfully obtained a high-quality mitochondrial genome at 99-fold coverage using an Illumina shotgun sequencing of a 12,880 year-old bone fragment from Mylodon Cave in Chile. Low level of DNA damage showed that this sample was exceptionally well preserved for an ancient sub-fossil, likely the result of the dry and cold conditions prevailing within the cave. Accordingly, taxonomic assessment of our shotgun metagenomic data showed a very high percentage of endogenous DNA with 22% of the assembled metagenomic contigs assigned to Xenarthra. Additionally, we enriched over 15 kilobases of sequence data from seven nuclear exons, using target sequence capture designed against a wide xenarthran dataset. Phylogenetic and dating analyses of the mitogenomic dataset including all extant species of xenarthrans and the assembled nuclear supermatrix unambiguously place Mylodon darwinii as the sister-group of modern two-fingered sloths from which it diverged around 22 million years ago. These congruent results from both the mitochondrial and nuclear data support the diphyly of the two modern sloths lineages, implying the convergent evolution of their unique suspensory behaviour as an adaption to arboreality. Our results offer promising perspectives for whole genome sequencing of this emblematic extinct taxon.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.