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476 results for “Erosive”
Water Erosion Risk in the Eastern Rift Valley: Application of RUSLE Modeling in the Kenyan Great Rift Valley Region
<p>RUSLE Model Parameters for Estimating Water Erosion Risk in the Eastern Rift Valley: Application of RUSLE Modeling in the Kenyan Great Rift Valley Region</p>
Data from: Extinctions, genetic erosion and conservation options for the black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)
The black rhinoceros is again on the verge of extinction due to unsustainable poaching in its native range. Despite a wide historic distribution, the black rhinoceros was traditionally thought of as depauperate in genetic variation, and with very little known about its evolutionary history. This knowledge gap has hampered conservation efforts because hunting has dramatically reduced the species' once continuous distribution, leaving five surviving gene pools of unknown genetic affinity. Here we examined the range-wide genetic structure of historic and modern populations using the largest and most geographically representative sample of black rhinoceroses ever assembled. Using both mitochondrial and nuclear datasets, we described a staggering loss of 69% of the species' mitochondrial genetic variation, including the most ancestral lineages that are now absent from modern populations. Genetically unique populations in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Mozambique, Malawi and Angola no longer exist. We found that the historic range of the West African subspecies (D. b. longipes), declared extinct in 2011, extends into southern Kenya, where a handful of individuals survive in the Masai Mara. We also identify conservation units that will help maintain evolutionary potential. Our results suggest a complete re-evaluation of current conservation management paradigms for the black rhinoceros.
Data from: Evidence of genetic erosion in a peripheral population of a North American game bird: the Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae)
Population extirpations are often precursors to species extinctions. Anthropogenic activities often lead to smaller populations that are more prone to extirpations and advocates for active conservation management have recently called for the preservation and monitoring of genetic diversity, particularly with regard to the adaptive potential of vulnerable populations. We used genomics and curated arrays of molecular markers, including those expected to impact key fitness traits, to quantify evidence of genomic erosion in core and peripheral populations of a gallinaceous bird. The Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) is a game species considered vulnerable to extirpation in Texas, but core populations in Arizona and New Mexico are robust and have the potential to serve as genetic reservoirs. We sequenced the Montezuma quail genome then developed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay to quantify genetic variation, effective population sizes, signatures of natural selection, and population structure. We genotyped SNPs from gene deserts and from genes associated with fitness traits and found the isolated Texas population exhibits an extremely small effective population size, is genetically distinct from our Arizona and New Mexico samples, and has reduced heterozygosity at the fitness-related markers. Thus, our samples from Texas exhibit symptoms of genetic erosion that could exacerbate future risk of local extirpation. Management agencies must decide if active conservation efforts such as assisted gene flow or genetic rescue are now warranted. This decision may not be straightforward because the current conservation status of the Texas population reflects its isolated geographic locale on the periphery of the species' range.
Microevolutionary change in mimicry? Erosion of rattling behaviour among nonvenomous snakes on islands lacking rattlesnakes
Batesian mimics––harmless species that converge on the warning signals of a dangerous species––are spectacular examples of adaptation, but few documented cases involve acoustic signals. Even fewer studies have documented microevolutionary change in mimicry of any kind. Here, we describe potential evolutionary change in acoustic mimicry. Many nonvenomous snakes vibrate their tail tip when threatened, making a sound resembling a venomous rattlesnake. When we compared this behaviour between gopher snakes from mainland California where rattlesnakes are present versus nearby derived island populations where rattlesnakes are absent, we found that island snakes vibrated their tail for a shorter duration. Thus, defensive tail vibration may be acoustic mimicry of rattlesnakes that is undergoing erosion in an area lacking rattlesnakes, providing evidence of possible microevolutionary change in mimicry.
SuperDARN data used in the study of "Localized Magnetopause Erosion at Geosynchronous Orbit by Reconnection"
<p>Convection velocity data (20140227.north.nc) is available in the netCDF file format.</p> <p>Each SuperDARN data is provided in the fitacf file format.</p> <p> </p>
Integrated Modeling of Flow, Soil Erosion, and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regional Watershed: Assessing Natural and Human-Induced Impacts
<p>Attached file is the verification data for the submitted manuscript "Integrated Modeling of Flow, Soil Erosion, and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regional Watershed: Assessing Natural and Human-Induced Impacts" .</p>
Muller's Ratchet in Action: The Erosion of Sexual Reproduction Genes in Domesticated Cassava (Manihot esculenta)
<p>Data Files for research study on Cassava gene evolutionary selection.</p>
Bank erosion process and distribution along channel caused by multiple debris flow surges
<p>This dataset contains point cloud data and Excel table data, which together describe the bank retreat process of 5 types of bank soils caused by multiple debris flow surges</p>
Erosion and sedimentation - Sturtz et al. 2022a, JGR
<p>Videos of experiments showing the erosion of a floating lid composed of plastics beads, lying over a convective fluid heated volumetrically by microwave absorption.</p> <p>Initial conditions:<br> IHB05, 16 and 33 : beads are initially floating, forming a floating lid<br> IHB18_SC: bead are initially in suspension</p>
Soil Erosion on United States. Present and Future (2020-2050)
<p>Brought on by anthropogenic actions, accelerated soil erosion inflicts extreme changes in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. These field-scale (30 m) changes have neither been fully surveyed in the present, nor predicted for a probable future. Water-driven soil erosion (<em>i.e</em>., sheet and rill erosion) rates across the contiguous United States were estimated for the present, and then predicted for the future using three alternative Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and Representative Concentration Pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios (2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). The G2 erosion model which is integrated with Machine Learning (ML) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques were used to estimate soil erosion based on gauge observations of long-term precipitation, and climate and land use land cover (LULC) scenarios. The baseline model (2020) estimated soil erosion rates of 2.32 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> under current conservation agriculture practices (CPs). Maintaining current CPs, future scenarios predict an 8 % to 21 % increase in soil erosion under different combinations of SSP-RCP climate and LULC change scenarios. The findings of this study can help policy makers for future conservation planning on maintaining soil fertility, mitigating environmental impacts, and promoting food security.</p> <p> </p> <p>This reprository provide the soil erosion maps for united states in present and future.</p>
FIGURE. Lectotype (A) and Isolectotype (B) of Sanicula orthacantha var. stolonifera (= S. orthacantha var. brevispina). Inset Figure 6A: fruit with few short prickled or erose-spinulose ribs, in the inflorescence arrowed. in Taxonomic studies on the genus Sanicula (Apiaceae) from China ( ): The clarification of some morphological distinction between S. orthacantha var. orthacantha and S. orthacantha var. brevispina, with the reduction of S. petagnioides to the synonymy of the former, and S. orthacantha var. stolonifera to
FIGURE. Lectotype (A) and Isolectotype (B) of Sanicula orthacantha var. stolonifera (= S. orthacantha var. brevispina). Inset Figure 6A: fruit with few short prickled or erose-spinulose ribs, in the inflorescence arrowed.
Dataset: Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating
<p>This contains the dataset associated with the publication titled "Quantification of post-glacier bedrock surface erosion in the European Alps using 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence exposure dating" published in Earth Surface Dynamics (2022).</p>
Erosion data of debris flows on banks with herbaceous plants
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for: High-throughput micro-CT analysis identifies sex-dependent biomarkers of erosive arthritis in TNF-Tg mice and differential response to anti-TNF therapy
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
SAWEMD: South Asian Water Erosion Modeled Dataset
<p><strong>SAWEMD: A State-of-the-Art Water Erosion Modeled Dataset for South Asia.</strong></p> <p>Water erosion is a pressing environmental issue in South Asia, exacerbated by climate change. SAWEMD, the South Asia Water Erosion Modeled Dataset, addresses this challenge by identifying potential erosion hotspots and assessing future risks under various climate scenarios using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). This dataset integrates high-resolution data on climate, land use, harvested crop areas, soil types, and elevation for both current and future periods. Future projections are based on CMIP6 climate and land use datasets, evaluated under two distinct Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSP126 and SSP585).</p> <p> </p> <p>SAWEMD is the first open-access water erosion dataset for South Asia, providing crucial information and related parameters for researchers and policymakers. The comprehensive data and methodology used to create this high-resolution dataset are detailed in the following publication:</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Das, Subhankar, Manoj Kumar Jain, and Vivek Gupta. "An assessment of anticipated future changes in water erosion dynamics under climate and land use change scenarios in South Asia." Journal of Hydrology 637 (2024): 131341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131341</strong></p>
Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Modeling - Southern Caspian Sea River Basins
<p>Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Modeling - Southern Caspian Sea River Basins</p>
Limits to Timescale-Dependence in Erosion Rates: Quantifying Glacial and Fluvial Erosion across Timescales
<p>Archive of data and code for the associated manuscript "Limits to Timescale-Dependence in Erosion Rates: Quantifying Glacial and Fluvial Erosion across Timescales". The "data" folder our global compilation of glacial and nonglacial erosion rates and associated metadata, beryllium data, lithology data, average regional hillslope data, and relevant prior compilations from the literature. The "src" folder contains Julia code to recreate paper figures as well as Julia and MATLAB code of the numerical model. </p>
Data from: Genetic erosion in wild populations makes resistance to a pathogen more costly
Populations that have suffered from genetic erosion are expected to exhibit reduced average trait values or decreased variation in adaptive traits when experiencing periodic or emergent stressors such as infectious disease. Genetic erosion may consequentially modify the ability of a potential host population to cope with infectious disease emergence. We experimentally investigate this relationship between genetic variability and host response to exposure to an infectious agent both in terms of susceptibility to infection and indirect parasite-mediated responses that also impact fitness. We hypothesized that the deleterious consequences of exposure to the pathogen (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) would be more severe for tadpoles descended from European tree frog (Hyla arborea) populations lacking genetic variability. Although all exposed tadpoles lacked detectable infection, we detected this relationship for some indirect host responses, predominantly in genetically depleted animals, as well as an interaction between genetic variability and pathogen dose on lifespan during the post-metamorphic period. Lack of infection and a decreased mass and post-metamorphic lifespan in low genetic diversity tadpoles lead us to conclude that genetic erosion, while not affecting the ability to mount effective resistance strategies, also erodes the capacity to invest in resistance, increased tadpole growth rate and metamorphosis relatively simultaneously.
Data from: Reducing soil erosion by improving community functional diversity in semi-arid grasslands
1. Great efforts have been made to control soil erosion by restoring plant communities in degraded ecosystems world-wide. However, soil erosion has not been substantially reduced mainly because current restoration strategies lead to large areas of mono-specific vegetation, which are inefficient in reducing soil erosion because of their simple canopy and root structure. Therefore, an advanced understanding of how community functional composition affects soil erosion processes, as well as an improved restoration scheme to reduce soil erosion, is urgently needed. 2. We investigated the effect of community functional composition on soil erosion in restored semi-arid grasslands on the Loess Plateau of China. Community functional composition of 16 restored grasslands was quantified by community-weighted mean (CWM) and functional diversity (FD) trait values, which were calculated from nine plant functional traits of thirteen locally dominant plant species. Species richness and evenness were also measured. Soil erosion rates were measured using standard erosion plots. The multimodel inference approach was used to estimate the direction and the relative importance of these biodiversity indices in reducing soil erosion. 3. A robust and strong negative effect of functional divergence (FDiv) on soil erosion was found. The prevalence of particular trait combinations can also decrease soil erosion. The greatest control over soil erosion was exerted when the community mean root diameter was small and the root tensile strength was great. 4. Synthesis and applications: These findings imply that community functional diversity plays an important role in reducing soil erosion in semi-arid restored grasslands. This means that current restoration strategies can be greatly improved by incorporating community functional diversity into restoration design. We propose a trait-based restoration framework for reducing soil erosion, termed 'SSM' (Screening–Simulating–Maintaining). SSM aims to translate the target of community functional diversity into community assemblages that can be manipulated by practitioners. Based on this framework, a comprehensive procedure, highlighting functional diversity as the primary concern in determining optimal community assemblages, was developed to meet the pressing need for more effective restoration strategies to reduce soil erosion.
Figure 5 in What is the matter with Corbicula fluminea (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Cyrenidiae)? Occurrence of unusual shell erosion in Northern Italy
Figure 5. Regression analysis of shell thickness (ShT) vs shell dry weight (ShDW) of the Gaviola and Castellana specimens. (a) Gaviola all specimens; (b) Gaviola small specimens; (c) Gaviola large specimens; (d) Castellana all specimens; (e) Castellana small specimens; (f) Castellana large specimens.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.