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5,371 results for “Flow”
Measurement of Absolute Retinal Blood Flow Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter Combined with Adaptive Optics
<p><strong>Purpose</strong>: Development and validation of an absolute laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) based on an adaptive optical fundus camera which provides simultaneously high definition images of the fundus vessels and absolute maximal red blood cells (RBCs) velocity in order to calculate the absolute retinal blood flow.\newline<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: This new absolute laser Doppler velocimeter is combined with the adaptive optics fundus camera (rtx1, Imagine Eyes$^\copyright$,Orsay, France) outside its optical wavefront correction path. A 4 seconds recording includes 40 images, each synchronized with two Doppler shift power spectra. Image analysis provides the vessel diameter close to the probing beam and the velocity of the RBCs in the vessels are extracted from the Doppler spectral analysis. Combination of those values gives an average of the absolute retinal blood flow. An in vitro experiment consisting of latex microspheres flowing in water through a glass-capillary to simulate a blood vessel and in vivo measurements on six healthy humans were done to assess the device.\newline<br> <strong>Results</strong>: In the in vitro experiment, the calculated flow varied between 1.75µl/min and 25.9µl/min and was highly correlated (r<sup>2</sup>= 0.995) with the imposed flow by a syringe pump.<br> In the in vivo experiment, the error between the flow in the parent vessel and the sum of the flow in the daughter vessels was between -11% and 36% (mean±sd 5.7±18.5%). Retinal blood flow in the main temporal retinal veins of healthy subjects varied between 0.9 µL/min and 13.2µL/min.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This adaptive optics LDV prototype (aoLDV) allows the measurement of absolute retinal blood flow derived from the retinal vessel diameter and the maximum RBCs velocity in that vessel.</p>
ADCP data of ice-covered and open-channel (macro-turbulent) flow, Pulmanki River, 2016-2020
<p>README of ADCP_data_Lotsari_et_al_Water_opened.zip</p> <p><br> The ADCP data was the basis of the following paper:<br> Macro-turbulent flow and its impacts on sediment transport potential of a subarctic river during ice-covered and open-channel conditions <br> Eliisa Lotsari (1, 2), Michael Dietze (3), Maria Kämäri (4), Petteri Alho (2,5), Elina Kasvi (6,2)</p> <p>1 Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 2, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland. eliisa.lotsari@uef.fi<br> 2 Department of Geography and Geology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Turku, Finland.<br> 3 Section 4.6 Geomorphology, German Research Centre for Geosciences GFZ Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. mdietze@gfz-potsdam.de<br> 4 Finnish Environment Institute, Latokartanonkaari 11, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland. maria.kamari@ymparisto.fi<br> 5 Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, National Land Survey of Finland, Geodeetinrinne 2, FI-02430, Masala, Finland. mipeal@utu.fi<br> 6 Turku University of Applied Sciences, Joukahaisenkatu 3, FI-20520, Turku, Finland. elina.kasvi@turkuamk.fi</p> <p>(Note: During the time of data gathering, Maria Kämäri worked at the University of Eastern Finland, and Elina Kasvi at the University of Turku)</p> <p>The data set has been measured with Sontek M9 or S5 sensors, depending on the time step (Table 1).</p> <p>Table 1. The measurement times, their acronyms (applied in the above mentioned publication)<br> and applied sensors. In the acronyms of the measurement times W=winter low flow period, S=spring<br> (snow-melt flood period), A=autumn low flow period. These information are presented also<br> in the Table 1 of the above-mentioned publication.<br> Date Acronym Sensor<br> 17.2.2016 W2016 M9<br> 25.5.2016 S2016 S5 <br> 10.9.2016 A2016 M9<br> 16.2.2017 W2017 M9 <br> 31.5.2017 S2017 M9 <br> 9.9.2017 A2017 M9 <br> 9.2.2018 W2018 M9 <br> 23.5.2018 S2018 S5 <br> 8.9.2018 A2018 S5 <br> 8.2.2019 W2019 M9 <br> 21.5.2019 S2019 M9 <br> 6.2.2020 W2020 M9 </p> <p>RiverSurveyor Live software, and its most recent version, was used each time.<br> The measurements have been done at Pulmanki River (69°55'59.09" N; 28° 2'34.32" E), Northern Finland, during 2016 - 2020. <br> The data is in directories of corresponding measurement times. The measurement<br> locations cs1, cs2, cs3, cs4, csA, csB and csC can be found in the paper (Figs. 1 and 2). <br> The data is in raw Matlab file format, as exported from the RiverSurveyor Live software.<br> The coordinate system is ENU.</p> <p>When used, the referencing to the paper and DOI ( 10.5281/zenodo.3855035 ) are required.</p>
Morphodynamic stability of river and tidal bifurcations around bars tested in the Fast Flow Facility
<p>Multithread rivers such as the Jamuna and Mekong have networks of channels and bars that change with every flood. Tidal systems such as the Scheldt, Humber and Columbia estuaries and short tidal basins in the Wadden Sea and in Florida, have perpetually changing and interacting channels and shoals formed by ebb and flood currents. Current models fail to forecast these natural dynamics, yet main channels are economically important shipping fairways, whilst shoal areas that emerge and submerge daily are ecologically valuable habitats. Human interference, changing river discharge and sealevel rise threaten all functions. Furthermore, there are strong indications that fairway deepening leads to reduced urban safety due to enhanced flow resistance by groynes in rivers and enhanced tidal range in estuaries (e.g. Bolla Pittaluga et al. 2015 in AWR, Seminara et al., in EH 2011). This enhances dike failure risk during low water level and flooding during high water level. We urgently need dynamic forecasting models to optimise management strategies for these multiple functions (Wang et al. 2012 in Ocean Coastal Manage., Coco et al. 2013 in Mar. Geol.).</p> <p>Here we target firstly river bifurcations and secondly the mutually evasive ebb- or flood-dominated channels that form around bars and are found in all sandy tidal systems in the world (van Veen 1950/2002 in J. R. Dutch Geograph. Soc.). The cause for the mutual evasion is still incompletely understood despite the fact that they also appear in our numerical model results and experiments (Canestrelli et al., in JGR 2010; Kleinhans et al. 2015 in JGR). The nodes where ebb and flood channels connect can be seen as asymmetric bifurcations where one channel is preferred during ebb and the other during flood. Such bifurcations are critical elements that partition flow and sediment through the channel network, govern bar merging and splitting and are locations where bed steps form in shipping lanes, as in river bifurcations. Stability and equilibrium configurations are mostly unknown for tidal bifurcations except for one recent theory (Wang et al in prep.). In particular, we have a fair understanding of the tidal dynamics, but this is incomplete for the morphodynamics, especially related to understanding the sediment division at the bifurcation.</p> <p>We take advantage of the better but yet incomplete understanding of river bifurcations. The stability of river bifurcations has been studied for two decades in fieldwork, experimentation, linear stability theory and numerical modelling (e.g. Wang et al. 1995, JHR, see review in Kleinhans et al. 2013, ESPL) and our recent theory (Bolla Pittaluga et al. 2015 in GRL) synthesises many of the earlier results as follows: In bedload-dominated rivers, symmetrical bifurcations are unstable and develop towards a highly asymmetrical division of discharge and sediment. The same is the case for suspended sediment-dominated rivers, but the theory predicts stable bifurcations for intermediate sediment mobility. However, there is very little data for conditions intermediate between low and high mobility rivers. Moreover, we have no idea whether bifurcations in reversing tidal flow are unstable for similar configurations and conditions as in rivers. Here we mean configurations that are entirely free of topographic forcings on the flow: straight channels split into two channels over some length and depth.</p> <p>Our objective was therefore to experimentally investigate bifurcation stability in a range of sediment mobilities in unidirectional flow and reversing tidal flow ceteris paribus.</p>
Divergence, gene flow and the origin of leapfrog geographic distributions: the history of color pattern variation in Phyllobates poison-dart frogs
<p>The geographic distribution of phenotypic variation among closely related populations is a valuable source of information about the evolutionary processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. Leapfrog distributions, in which phenotypically similar populations are disjunctly distributed and separated by one or more phenotypically distinct populations, represent geographic replicates for the existence of a phenotype, and are therefore especially informative. Phyllobates poison frogs. We found evidence for high levels of gene flow between neighboring populations but not over long distances, indicating that gene flow between populations exhibiting the central phenotype may have a homogenizing effect that maintains their similarity, and that introgression between "leapfroging" taxa has not played a prominent role as a driver of phenotypic diversity in <i>Phyllobates</i>. Although phylogenetic analyses suggest that the leapfrog distribution was formed through independent evolution of the peripheral (i.e. leapfrogging) populations, the elevated levels of gene flow between geographically close populations poise alternative scenarios, such as the history of phenotypic change becoming decoupled from genome-averaged patterns of divergence, which we cannot rule out. These results highlight the importance of incorporating gene flow between populations into the study of geographic variation in phenotypes, both as a driver of phenotypic diversity and as a confounding factor of phylogeographic inferences.</p>
Computational Implementation of "Uncoupling electrokinetic flow solutions", published in Mathematical Geosciences
<p>This dataset includes Python and Mathematica scripts used to generate figures, and images used in the Mathematical Geosciences (MG) manuscript "Uncoupling Electrokinetic Flow Solutions" by Kuhlman and Malama (2020).</p> <p>Python scripts implementing eigenvalue uncoupling approach for differential equations governing 1D cylindrically symmetric electrokinetic flow problem (i.e., flow to a pumping well).</p> <ol> <li>mpmath python script (recombine-expint.py) implementing Theis "type curve" solution for an infinite domain (Figures 1-3 in MG manuscript)</li> <li>fipy python script (compare-via-fipy.py) and plotting script (plot_fipy_results.py) showing a finite-volume fully coupled solution for a similar finite domain for comparison against eigenvalue uncoupling approach (Figure 4 in MG manuscript). Also includes two shell scripts for driving python scripts for a variety of inputs.</li> </ol> <p>mathematica script (periodic-1D-steady-state-type-1.nb) for solving the algebra associated with the governing equations and plotting figures for analytical solution of periodically driven 1D solution (i.e., laboratory sinusoidal streaming potential and electroosmosis; Figures 4-9 in MG manuscript).</p> <p> </p>
DATA of "Resolving the 2D temporal evolution of subglacial water flow with dense seismic array observations."
<p>The data set contains all data presented in the paper: <strong>Observing the subglacial hydrology network and its dynamics with a dense seismic array</strong> published in PNAS ( <a href="https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023757118">https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2023757118</a> )</p> <p>See our online presentation of this dataset: https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2020/EGU2020-10710.html.</p> <p>The present data and code concerns the source location obtained with matched-field-processing analysis and the hydraulic potential calculation (Shreve, R. L. Movement of Water in Glaciers. <em>J. Glaciol.</em> <strong>11</strong>, 205–214 (1972)).</p> <p>We perform source location over 1-sec long signal segment of the vertical component only. We filter the signal within the [3-7] Hz frequency range and coherently apply the MFP each 0.1 Hz within this range. To maximize our algorithm efficiency and minimize computational costs we use a gradient-based minimization algorithm (Nelder-Mead optimization) to converge to the best match between the trial and the observed phase delays rather than an exhaustive grid-search exploration. The convergence criterion is reached when the variance of values obtained over the last 5 iterations of the optimization is smaller than 1e<sup>-2</sup> with a maximum of 3000 iterations. Our 29 different starting points used for optimization are located 250 m below the glacier surface and they uniformly cover an area of 800 x 800 m<sup>2</sup> centered on the array. We set the initial velocity to 1800 m.sec <sup>-1</sup>. The 29 punctual locations found per signal segment (1 sec) after convergence are located all in the same place if a clear global convergence exists (i.e. high MFP output) or at up to 29 different locations if up to 29 local minima exist (i.e. low MFP output).</p> <p>Timeseries of physical quantities can be found here <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701520">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3701520</a></p> <p>Spatial observations acquired during the same period can be found here <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971815">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3971815</a></p> <p> </p> <p>The RESOLVE project has been supported by a grant from LabEx OSUG@2020 (Investissement d’avenir – ANR10LABX56) and by the IDEX Université Grenoble Alpes. Most of the computations presented in this paper were performed using the GRICAD infrastructure (https://gricad.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr), which is supported by Grenoble research communities, and with the CiGri tool (https://github.com/oar-team/cigri) developed by Gricad, Grid5000 (https://www.grid5000.fr) and LIG (<a href="https://www.liglab.fr/">https://www.liglab.fr/</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p>You can find more information on the method and seismic dataset used in this paper here: <a href="https://zenodo.org/deposit/5645545">https://zenodo.org/deposit/5645545</a></p>
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF CONDENSING FLOWS IN A SUPERSONIC SEPARATOR A LOW PRESSURE.
<p>As a contribution to overcoming the challenges of numerical simulation involving the phenomenon of condensation, this work aims to investigate the nucleation of simple molecules, through the classical nucleation theory (CNT) associated with the Hill’s Moments (MoM) models . The main objective of this simulations was to investigate the numerical precision of the CFD open source code - Stanford University Unstructured(SU2) - to correctly capture the occurrence of a condensation wave, and to analyze thenucleation of liquid droplets through the moments of order zero to three</p>
overview of intermittent flow of hydrogel particles
<p>The repository of videos show the flowing process of hydrogel particles (diameter 6.5mm) in a silo with different size of orifice, 10mm,11mm,12mm,15mm,18mm. To compare intermittent flow behavior of HGS with hard spheres (ASB), the videos for ASB(diameter 6mm) are also in the dataset with different size of orifice, 34mm and 35mm. The spatial resolution of videos in files is 1920 × 1080 (0.327mm per pixel) correpondingly the real size of the silo showed in the video is 40cm width and 50cm height in the snapshot. The frame rate in each video is 60fps. The recording is for the study of intermittent flow and transient congestion of soft spheres passing through narrow orifices (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4066466)</p>
Discrete flow cytometry of underway samples from the Gradients 2019 cruise using a BD Influx Cell Sorter
<p>The dataset consists of BD Influx-based analysis of phytoplankton populations from discrete flow cytometry data collected underway during the Gradients 2019 (Gradients 3/KM1906) oceanographic research cruise in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The analysis includes cell abundance, forward light scatter, and pigment fluorescence of individual cells, including picoeukaryotes and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Time is in UTC format, latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees, and depth is in meters. Further information can be found here: https://github.com/fribalet/FCSplankton</p>
Discrete flow cytometry from the Gradients 2019 cruise using a BD Influx Cell Sorter
<p>The dataset consists of BD Influx-based analysis of phytoplankton populations and heterotrophic bacteria from discrete flow cytometry data collected during the Gradients 2019 (Gradients 3/KM1906) oceanographic research cruise in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. The analysis includes cell abundance, forward light scatter, and pigment fluorescence of individual cells, including bacteria, picoeukaryotes, and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. Time is in UTC format, latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees, and depth is in meters. Further information can be found here: https://github.com/fribalet/FCSplankton</p>
Supplementary data: Quantifying and numerically representing recharge and flow components in a karstified carbonate aquifer
<p>The following data and information is related to the paper "Quantifying and numerically representing recharge and flow components in a karstified carbonate aquifer":</p> <p>Observed and estimated hydrological time series (hourly spring discharge, hourly rainfall, daily minimum and maximum air temperature and evapotranspiration) and modelling results (hourly discharges and flows) using an InfoWorks ICM pipe network model, as well as R code to compute Fourier transform / power spectrum of time series.</p> <p>See 'readme_Schuler_etal_WRR_supplementary data.pdf' for more information.</p>
Mapped read data and files and scripts from: Vicariance followed by secondary gene flow in a young gazelle species complex
<p>Grant's gazelles have recently been proposed to be a species complex comprising three highly divergent mtDNA lineages (<em>Nanger granti</em>, <em>N. notata</em> and <em>N. petersii</em>). The three lineages have non-overlapping distributions in East Africa, but without any obvious geographical divisions, making them an interesting model for studying the early stage evolutionary dynamics of allopatric speciation in detail. Here we use genomic data obtained by restriction site-associated (RAD) sequencing of 106 gazelle individuals to shed light on the evolutionary processes underlying Grant's gazelle divergence, to characterize their genetic structure and to assess the presence of gene flow between the main lineages in the species complex. We date the species divergence to 134,000 years ago, which is recent in evolutionary terms. We find population subdivision within <em>N. granti</em>, which coincides with the previously suggested two subspecies, <em>N.g. granti</em> and <em>N.g. robertsii</em>. Moreover, these two lineages seem to have hybridized in Masai Mara. Perhaps more surprisingly given their extreme genetic differentiation, <em>N. granti</em> and <em>N. petersii</em> also show signs of prolonged admixture in Mkomazi, which we identified as a hybrid population most likely founded by allopatric lineages coming into secondary contact. Despite the admixed composition of this population, elevated X-chromosomal differentiation suggests that selection may be shaping the outcome of hybridization in this population. Our results therefore provide detailed insights into the processes of allopatric speciation and secondary contact in a recently radiated species complex.</p>
HTTPS Brute-force dataset with extended network flows
<p>We are publishing a dataset we created for designing a brute-force detector of attacks in HTTPS. The dataset consists of extended network flows that we captured with flow exporter <a href="https://github.com/CESNET/ipfixprobe">Ipifixprobe</a>. Apart from traditional fields like source and destination IP addresses and ports, each flow contains information (size, direction, inter-packet time, TCP flags) about up to the first 100 packets. The sizes of packets are taken from the transport layer (TCP, UPD); packets with zero payload (e.g., TCP ACKs) are ignored.</p> <p>We publish three files:</p> <ul> <li><em>flows.csv</em>, which contains raw flow data.</li> <li><em>aggregated_flows.csv</em>, which contains aggregated flows</li> <li><em>samples.csv</em>, which contains samples with extracted features. This data can be used for training a machine-learning classification model.</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>All IP addresses, source ports, TLS SNIs are sha256-hashed. Column <em>CLASS</em> is 0 for benign samples and 1 for brute-force samples.</p> <p><br> <strong>Brute-force data</strong><br> The brute-force data were generated with three popular attack tools - Ncrack, Thc-hydra, and Patator. Attacks were performed against these applications:</p> <ul> <li> WordPress</li> <li> Joomla </li> <li> MediaWiki</li> <li> Ghost</li> <li> Grafana</li> <li> Discourse</li> <li> PhpBB</li> <li> OpenCart</li> <li> Redmine</li> <li> Nginx</li> <li> Apache</li> </ul> <p>The <em>SCENARIO</em> columns indicate which tool and application were used to generate the sample.</p> <p><strong>Benign data</strong><br> Bening data consists of eight captures from a backbone network. The <em>SCENARIO</em> column indicates individual captures.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Cilia density and flow velocity affect alignment of motile cilia from brain cells
<p>Here we store the supplementary Materials and Methods for the publication Cilia density and flow velocity affect alignment of motile cilia from brain cells.</p> <p>In the Supplementary methods we included additional information on the hydrodynamic simulations. </p> <p>Video1 and Video2 are videos referenced in the main text of the paper</p> <p>In the archive 'raw data and code.tar' , we provide raw images and codes to support the article.The complete dataset of raw images is more than 1 Tb. Here we are limited to 50Gb. The full dataset is available upon request.<br> <br> We choose to provide a full dataset of two culture at DIV 16, one treated with shear flow and a control without flow.</p> <p>For each of the two cultures, the videos with propelled particles are in the directory FL,<br> The bright field images without particles are stored in BF. Unfortunately we uploaded only few videos because of their large size. The results of the analysis of this dataset is reported in the directory analysis (available for each culture).</p> <p>Moreover we provide the code to analyse these data.<br> The analysis routine:</p> <p>Step 1: for each field of view (fov) getting the cilia beating direction from the FL images. This is done with PIV. The code is Step1_PIVanalysis.mat</p> <p>Step 2: for each fov getting ciliated cell position and CBF from the BF movies. Gather the cilia beating direction and cilia posion and frequency in a unique figure and matlab class (Res.mat). This is done in Step2_gatherResults.mat</p> <p>The results of these analysis are stored in the analysis folder for each culture.</p> <p>These routines are repeated for each experiment and results are then plotted to get trends. In the folder code4figures we report the code that we used to make the figures in the papers starting from a matlab file "all_results*.mat", where are gathered all the analysis.</p> <p>The code may improve in the future with more comments. please check Nicola's github page for the latest update. Please contact us for any problem. https://github.com/NicolaPellicciotta/Code4-Cilia-density-and-flow-velocity-affect-alignment-of-motile-cilia-from-brain-cells</p> <p>All the raw videos and code are in the archive.</p> <p> </p>
Data and MATLAB Code for the paper entitled "A modified Chezy formula for one-dimensional unsteady frictional resistance in open channel flow"
<p>This link includes the data and MATLAB code files for the research paper entitled "A modified Chezy formula for one-dimensional unsteady frictional resistance in open channel flow" by Zhou, J.W.; Bro, W.M.; Tick*, G.R.; Mofatakari, H.; Li, Y.; and Cheng, L., which has been submitted to the Journal of Fluids Engineering. These files are edited under the GB18030 character set standard.</p>
Spontaneous initiation of debris flow surges from sedimentary deposits
<p>Data used in figures of Research paper manuscript 'Spontaneous initiation of debris flow surges from sedimentary deposits', which has been contribution to <a href="http://www.letpub.com.cn/index.php?page=journalapp&view=detail&journalid=10219">JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE</a> journals .</p>
ss-PDMFA: size-specific, probabilistic, dynamic material flow analysis
<p><strong>Description of the dataset:</strong></p> <p>This dataset is related to the following publication:</p> <p>Title: Size-specific, dynamic, probabilistic material flow analysis of titanium dioxide releases into the environment</p> <p>Authors: Yuanfang Zheng, Bernd Nowack </p> <p>Submitted to the journal Environmental Science & Technology in November 2020.</p> <p>The files contain input files, final codes and raw results of the ss-PDMFA model.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Gene flow, ancient polymorphism, and ecological adaptation shape the genomic landscape of divergence among Darwin's finches
Genomic comparisons of closely related species have identified "islands" of locally elevated sequence divergence. Genomic islands may contain functional variants involved in local adaptation or reproductive isolation and may therefore play an important role in the speciation process. However, genomic islands can also arise through evolutionary processes unrelated to speciation, and examination of their properties can illuminate how new species evolve. Here, we performed scans for regions of high relative divergence (FST) in 12 species pairs of Darwin's finches at different genetic distances. In each pair, we identify genomic islands that are, on average, elevated in both relative divergence (FST) and absolute divergence (dXY). This signal indicates that haplotypes within these genomic regions became isolated from each other earlier than the rest of the genome. Interestingly, similar numbers of genomic islands of elevated dXY are observed in sympatric and allopatric species pairs, suggesting that recent gene flow is not a major factor in their formation. We find that two of the most pronounced genomic islands contain the ALX1 and HMGA2 loci, which are associated with variation in beak shape and size, respectively, suggesting that they are involved in ecological adaptation. A subset of genomic island regions, including these loci, appears to represent anciently diverged haplotypes that evolved early during the radiation of Darwin's finches. Comparative genomics data indicate that these loci, and genomic islands in general, have exceptionally low recombination rates, which may play a role in their establishment.
Pressure-driven Poiseuille flow inherited from Mesozoic mantle circulation led to the Eocene separation of Australia and Antarctica
<p>Mantle temperature field at 60 Ma and at a random distribution for TERRA and numerical grids for SHELLS.</p> <p> </p>
The turbulent flow over the BARC rectangular cylinder: a DNS study
<p>This set of results stems from a database computed with a Direct Numerical simulation of the incompressible flow around a rectangular cylinder with chord-to-thickness ratio 5:1 (also known as BARC benchmark). The Reynolds number based on the cylinder thickness and the incoming velocity is set to Re=3000. We provide the two-dimensional mean field as well as the complete set of Reynolds stresses and the terms involved in their single-point budget equations. Further details can be found on an accompanying paper by Chiarini & Quadrio, Flow Turbul. Combust. 107, 875–899 (2021), available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-021-00254-1.</p> <p>Data are provided in VTK file format, so that they can be visualized with several applications, as for example the open-source package ParaView.</p> <p>The file mean.vtk contains the mean flow in terms of the velocity components U and V and pressure field P in the x − y plane.<br> The files uu-Budget.vtk, vv-Budget.vtk, ww-Budget.vtk, uv-Budget.vtk, uw-Budget.vtk, vw-Budget.vtk and k-Budget.vtk contain the complete set of terms appearing in the budget equations for the components of the Reynolds stress tensor and for the turbulent kinetic energy.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.