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Results from national testing programs on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed - Italy
<p>In the framework of Articles 23 and 33 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 EFSA has received from the European Commission a mandate (M-2010-0374) to collect all available data on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed. These data are used in EFSA’s scientific opinions and reports on contaminants in food and feed. </p> <p>The presence of unauthorised substances or chemical contaminants in food may pose a risk factor for public health and can cause a negative impact on the quality of food. </p> <p>Commission Recommendations and Regulations on occurrence monitoring are in place for several contaminants of interest, some of which can be found here below: </p> <ul> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 625/2017, on the application of food and feed law</li> <li>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/931</li> <li>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/932</li> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006</li> </ul> <p>These datasets contain the results of sampling that was designed according to national testing programs for a variety of contaminants in food and feed, as reported under the Chemical Monitoring Data Collection 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, split by sampling year (data element ‘sampY’). </p> <p>More details are available in last year's finalised call for data ‘<span><a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/call/annual-call-continuous-collection-chemical-contaminants-occurrence-data-food-and-feed">Annual call for continuous collection of chemical contaminants occurrence data in food and feed | EFSA</a></span>’. </p> <p>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: </p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2020 – Ministry of Health</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2021 – Ministry of Health</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2022 – Ministry of Health</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2023 – Ministry of Health</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2024 – Ministry of Health</p>
Results from national testing programs on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed - Finland
<p>In the framework of Articles 23 and 33 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 EFSA has received from the European Commission a mandate (M-2010-0374) to collect all available data on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed. These data are used in EFSA’s scientific opinions and reports on contaminants in food and feed. </p> <p>The presence of unauthorised substances or chemical contaminants in food may pose a risk factor for public health and can cause a negative impact on the quality of food. </p> <p>Commission Recommendations and Regulations on occurrence monitoring are in place for several contaminants of interest, some of which can be found here below: </p> <ul> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 625/2017, on the application of food and feed law</li> <li>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/931</li> <li>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/932</li> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006</li> </ul> <p>These datasets contain the results of sampling that was designed according to national testing programs for a variety of contaminants in food and feed, as reported under the Chemical Monitoring Data Collection 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, split by sampling year (data element ‘sampY’). </p> <p>More details are available in last year's finalised call for data ‘<span><a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/call/annual-call-continuous-collection-chemical-contaminants-occurrence-data-food-and-feed">Annual call for continuous collection of chemical contaminants occurrence data in food and feed | EFSA</a></span>’.</p> <p>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: </p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2020 – Finnish Food Authority</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2021 – Finnish Food Authority</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2022 – Finnish Food Authority</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2023 – Finnish Food Authority; Finnish Customs</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2024 – Finnish Food Authority; Finnish Customs</p>
Dutch results from the monitoring of pesticide residues in food
<p>This dataset contains the analytical results of pesticide residues measured in the food products analysed by the national competent authorities. Pesticide residues resulting from the use of plant protection products on crops that are used for food or feed production may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU), which defines rules for the approval of active substances used in plant protection products, the use of plant protection products and for pesticide residues in food. In order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, legal limits, so called “maximum residue levels” or briefly “MRLs”, are established in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EU-harmonised MRLs are set for all pesticides covering all types of food products. A default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg is applicable for pesticides not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation. Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 imposes on Member States the obligation to carry out controls to ensure that food placed on the market is compliant with the legal limits.</p> <p>A sample is considered <strong>free of quantifiable residues</strong> if the analytes were not present in concentrations at or above the limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOQ is the smallest concentration of an analyte that can be quantified with the analytical method used to analyse the sample. It is commonly defined as the minimum concentration of the analyte in the test sample that can be determined with acceptable precision and accuracy.</p> <p>If a sample <strong>contains quantifiable residues</strong> but within the legally permitted limit (maximum residue level, MRL), it is described as a sample with quantified residue levels within the legal limits (below or at the MRL)</p> <p>A sample is considered <strong>non-compliant</strong> with the legal limit (MRL), if the measured residue concentrations clearly exceed the legal limits, taking into account the measurement uncertainty. It is current practice that the uncertainty of the analytical measurement is taken into account before legal or administrative sanctions are imposed on food business operators for infringement of the MRL legislation.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION:</strong></p> <p>MOPER_2023 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2022 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2021 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2020 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2019 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2018 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2017 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2016 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2015 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2014 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2013 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2012 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p>MOPER_2011 - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>We are seeking feedback on our open data please complete the survey at the link below:<br>https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/9344dfa0-f384-cb72-65f6-6c187a6d0f14</strong></p>
Bosnia and Herzegovina results from the monitoring of pesticide residues in food
<p>This dataset contains the analytical results of pesticide residues measured in the food products analysed by the national competent authorities. Pesticide residues resulting from the use of plant protection products on crops that are used for food or feed production may pose a risk factor for public health. For this reason, a comprehensive legislative framework has been established in the European Union (EU), which defines rules for the approval of active substances used in plant protection products, the use of plant protection products and for pesticide residues in food. In order to ensure a high level of consumer protection, legal limits, so called “maximum residue levels” or briefly “MRLs”, are established in Regulation (EC) No 396/2005. EU-harmonised MRLs are set for all pesticides covering all types of food products. A default MRL of 0.01 mg/kg is applicable for pesticides not explicitly mentioned in the MRL legislation. Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 imposes on Member States the obligation to carry out controls to ensure that food placed on the market is compliant with the legal limits. The chemical monitoring data collected and published by EFSA include the analytical results provided by EU Member States, Iceland, Norway and three pre-accession countries: Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro and North Macedonia. </p> <p>A sample is considered <strong>free of quantifiable residues</strong> if the analytes were not present in concentrations at or above the limit of quantification (LOQ). The LOQ is the smallest concentration of an analyte that can be quantified with the analytical method used to analyse the sample. It is commonly defined as the minimum concentration of the analyte in the test sample that can be determined with acceptable precision and accuracy.</p> <p>If a sample <strong>contains quantifiable residues</strong> but within the legally permitted limit (maximum residue level, MRL), it is described as a sample with quantified residue levels within the legal limits (below or at the MRL)</p> <p>A sample is considered <strong>non-compliant</strong> with the legal limit (MRL), if the measured residue concentrations clearly exceed the legal limits, taking into account the measurement uncertainty. It is current practice that the uncertainty of the analytical measurement is taken into account before legal or administrative sanctions are imposed on food business operators for infringement of the MRL legislation.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION:</strong></p> <p>MOPER_2023 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2022 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2021 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2020 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2019 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2018 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p>MOPER_2017 - Food Safety Agency of Bosnia and Herzegovina</p> <p><strong>We are seeking feedback on our open data please complete the survey at the link below:<br>https://ec.europa.eu/eusurvey/runner/9344dfa0-f384-cb72-65f6-6c187a6d0f14</strong></p>
Results from national testing programs on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed - Bulgaria
<p>In the framework of Articles 23 and 33 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002 EFSA has received from the European Commission a mandate (M-2010-0374) to collect all available data on the occurrence of chemical contaminants in food and feed. These data are used in EFSA’s scientific opinions and reports on contaminants in food and feed. </p> <p>The presence of unauthorised substances or chemical contaminants in food may pose a risk factor for public health and can cause a negative impact on the quality of food. </p> <p>Commission Recommendations and Regulations on occurrence monitoring are in place for several contaminants of interest, some of which can be found here below: </p> <ul> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 625/2017, on the application of food and feed law</li> <li>Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/931</li> <li>Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/932</li> <li>Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, on maximum levels for certain contaminants in food and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006</li> </ul> <p>These datasets contain the results of sampling that was designed according to national testing programs for a variety of contaminants in food and feed, as reported under the Chemical Monitoring Data Collection 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, split by sampling year (data element ‘sampY’). </p> <p>More details are available in last year's finalised call for data ‘<span><a href="https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/call/annual-call-continuous-collection-chemical-contaminants-occurrence-data-food-and-feed">Annual call for continuous collection of chemical contaminants occurrence data in food and feed | EFSA</a></span>’.</p> <p>REPORTING AUTHORITIES CONTRIBUTING TO EACH DATA COLLECTION: </p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2020 – Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2021 – Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2022 – Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2023 – Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p> <p>OCC-CHEMMON2024 – Risk Assessment Center on Food Chain</p>
European database of processing factors for pesticides residues in food
<p>EFSA is regularly evaluating pesticide occurrence data in food generated under the official monitoring programs of Member States with respect to consumer exposure and risk assessment. Most of these data refer to raw commodities (RAC) because maximum residue levels established under European legislation reflect pesticide residues only in the RAC. However, food processing operations can have decisive effects on pesticide residue levels and therefore consumer exposure. This database has been developed to compile validated processing factors for pesticide residues in food in line with the EFSA food classification and description system (FoodEx2).</p> <p>This update fixes a problem that caused some median processing factors to display a "<" qualifier when it was not necessary. The calculated values for the processing factors were not affected by this error and remain unchanged from the previous release</p> <p>The database is complemented by the following publications:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564213">Background Document on the EU Database of Processing Factors for Pesticide Residues</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564207">Compendium of Representative Processing Techniques Investigated in Regulatory Studies for Pesticides</a></li> <li><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6564209">Linking Processed Foods and Processing Techniques to the FoodEx2 Coding System</a></li> </ul>
Linking Processed Foods and Processing Techniques to the FoodEx2 Coding System
<p>This excel file complements the <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1488652">EU database of processing factors for pesticide residues</a> by providing the mapping between processed food/feed listed in the database and the FoodEx2 coding system.</p>
Dataset for: Integrated trophic position as a proxy for food-web complexity
<div> <p>There are two distinct approaches to describing the distributions of biomass and species in food webs: one to consider them as discrete trophic levels (TLs); and the other to consider them as continuous trophic positions (TPs). Bridging the gap between these two perspectives presents a non-trivial challenge in integrating biodiversity and food-web structure.</p> <p>Food Network Unfolding (FNU) is a technique used to bridge this gap by partitioning the biomass of species into integer TLs to compute three complexity indices, namely vertical (<em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), horizontal (<em>D</em><sub>H</sub>), and range (<em>D</em><sub>R</sub>) diversity (<em>D</em> indices), through decomposition of Shannon's index <em>H'</em>. Using FNU, the food web (a network of species with unique TPs) is converted to a linear food chain (a biomass distribution at discrete TLs). This enables us to expect that the unfolded biomass within species decreases exponentially as the TL increases. Under this condition, the mean TL value in unfolded food chains is hypothesized to have an exponential relationship with the vertical diversity, <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. To explore this, we implemented FNU and calculated <em>D</em> indices for food webs publicly available at EcoBase (<em>n</em> = 158) and calculated the integrated TP (iTP), defined as the biomass-weighted average TP of a given food web. The iTP corresponds to the mean TL in unfolded food chains and can be empirically measured through compound-specific isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA).</p> <p>Although our analysis is biased towards marine ecosystems, we revealed an exponential relationship between iTP and <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>, suggesting that iTP can serve as a measurable proxy for <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between the iTP observed in the total communities (total iTP) and the iTPs of partial communities consisting only of species with 2.0 ≤ TP < 3.0 (partial iTP; <em>r<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.48), suggesting that <em>D</em><sub>V</sub> can be predicted using partial iTP.</p> <p>Our findings suggest that the net effect of species diversity, excluding the effect of biomass (corresponding to <em>H'</em> − <em>D</em><sub>V</sub>), on food-web complexity can be revealed by combining CSIA-AA with biodiversity analysis (e.g., environmental DNA).</p> </div>
Eurasian tree sparrows are more food neophobic and habituate to novel objects more slowly than house sparrows
<p>Introductions of non-native species throughout the world have had severe ecological consequences. However, most research has focused on environmental and ecological factors that allow for introduced species to succeed and become invasive, with fewer studies assessing the roles of behavioural and cognitive traits. To help fill this knowledge gap, we studied neophobia, an aversion towards novelty, in the non-native Eurasian tree sparrow (<em>Passer montanus</em>), and compared results to previous work in a more successful invasive congener, the house sparrow (<em>Passer domesticus</em>). We assessed the neophobia of wild-caught Eurasian tree sparrows by measuring their responses to novel objects and novel foods and their ability to habituate to initially novel objects. We predicted that Eurasian tree sparrows, as less successful invaders, would overall be more neophobic than house sparrows. Although we did not observe differences in neophobia towards novel objects in the two species, Eurasian tree sparrows were significantly less willing to try novel foods than house sparrows. Eurasian tree sparrows were also slower to habituate to repeated presentations of the same initially novel object compared to house sparrows. Multiple factors certainly influence invasion success, but our results suggest that neophobia might limit the success of an introduced species in novel environments.</p>
Database Food Projects: Universidad de Valencia & Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
<p>Database Food Projects Ministerio and Universidad de Valencia</p>
tFoodL: Larger Semantic Table Annotations Benchmark for Food Domain
<p><strong>tFoodL</strong> is the successor work of <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/10048187">tFood</a> that is generated by <a href="https://github.com/fusion-jena/KG2Tables">KG2Tables </a>using 10 levels of a recursive hierarchy of related concepts in Wikidata.</p><p>Similar to tFood, it is a dataset for tabular data to knowledge graph matching. It is derived for the Food domain and has two types of tables. On the one hand, <strong>Horizontal Relational Tables</strong> are where each table represents a collection of entities. On the other hand, <strong>Entity Tables</strong> represent a single entity. We supported ground truth data from Wikidata as a target knowledge graph (KG).</p><p><strong>tFoodL</strong> contains 43,255 entity and horizontal tables, while this repository contains only the validation fold (10%) of the entire benchmark with its ground truth data (gt). </p><p>The supported tasks for semantic table annotations are: </p><ol><li>Topic Detection (<strong>TD</strong>) links the entire table to an entity or a class from the target KG.</li><li>Cell Entity Annotation (<strong>CEA</strong>) maps individual table cells to entities from the target KG.</li><li>Column Type Annotation (<strong>CTA</strong>) links individual table columns to classes from the target KG.</li><li>Column Property Annotation (<strong>CPA</strong>) detects the relations between column pairs from the target knowledge graph.</li><li>Row Annotation (<strong>RA) </strong>annotates the entire row to a KG entity or property.</li></ol>
Stable motifs delay species loss in simulated food webs
<p>Some three-species motifs (unique patterns of interactions between three species) are both more stable when modelled in isolation and over-represented in empirical food webs. This suggests that these motifs may reduce extinction risk for species participating in them, ultimately stabilizing the food web as a whole. We test whether a species' time to extinction following a perturbation is related to its participation in stable and unstable motifs and assess how motif roles covary with a species' degree or trophic level. We found that species' motif roles are related to their times to extinction following a disturbance. Specifically, having a larger proportion of the motif role made up by the omnivory motif was associated with longer times to extinction, even though the omnivory motif is less stable than the others in when modelled in isolation. While motif roles were associated with extinction risk, they also varied strongly with degree and trophic level. This means that these simpler measures of a species' role may be sufficient to roughly predict which species are most vulnerable to disturbance (though motif roles can be used to refine these predictions), but that studies of species' motif participation can also reasonably comment on vulnerability to extinction. Previous research showed that certain motifs appear more frequently in stable webs; we show that this is at least in part because participating in these motifs provides protection from extinction.</p>
Do food distribution and competitor density affect agonistic behaviour within and between clans in a high fission-fusion species?
<p>Socioecological theory attributes social variation in female-bonded species to differences in within- and between-group competition, shaped by food distribution. Strong between-group contests are expected over large, monopolisable resources, but not when low-quality food is distributed across large, undefended home ranges. Within-group contests are expected to be more frequent with increasing heterogeneity in feeding sites. We tested these predictions in female Asian elephants, which show traits associated with infrequent contests – predominant graminivory, overlapping home ranges, and high fission-fusion. We examined how agonistic interactions within and between female elephant clans (social groupings) vary with food distribution and competitor density. We found stronger between-clan contests than that known from neighbouring forests and more frequent agonism between females between clans than within clans. Such strong between-clan contest is attributable to food patchiness as the Kabini grassland in the study area had three times the grass biomass as adjacent forests. Within-clan agonism was also frequent but was not influenced by food distribution, contradicting socioecological predictions. Contrary to recent claims, increasing within-clan agonism with group (party) size showed that ecological constraints operate despite high fission-fusion in Asian elephants. Thus, despite graminivory and fission-fusion, within-clan and between-clan agonism can be frequent, especially at high population density.</p>
Data from: Parasite-mediated changes in host traits alter food web dynamics
<p><span>Parasites commonly alter the phenotype of their host, thereby influencing competitive and consumer-resource interactions. This could trigger a cascade effect on the dynamics of biological communities, but the role of parasites in ecosystem processes is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how parasite-induced trait modifications shape the dynamics of a complex lake food web using an allometric trophic network model (ATN). We simulated infections of stage-structured fish host populations via increased maintenance costs and predation risk. Our results show that host trait modifications can significantly impact host demography, with stage-specific biomass declines up to 60%. However, less severely affected host stages buffered these effects and sustained the population. Importantly, host biomass decline altered the dynamics of species interactions and these effects cascaded through the entire community, with biomass changes observed at all trophic levels. Our findings emphasize the importance of incorporating both indirect parasite effects and host life history in ecological network studies for more realistic simulations of community dynamics.</span></p>
Food and social cues modulate reproductive development but not migratory behavior in a nomadic songbird, the Pine Siskin (Pinus spinus)
<p>Many animals rely on photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic environmental cues to gather information and appropriately time life history stages across the annual cycle, such as reproduction, molt, and migration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the reproductive physiology, but not migratory behavior, of captive Pine Siskins responds to both food and social cues during the spring migratory-breeding period. Pine Siskins are a nomadic finch with a highly flexible breeding schedule and, in the spring, free-living Pine Siskins can wander large geographic areas and opportunistically breed. To understand the importance of non-photoperiodic cues to the migratory-breeding transition, we maintained individually housed birds on either a standard or enriched diet in the presence of group-housed heterospecifics or conspecifics experiencing either the standard or enriched diet type. We measured body condition and reproductive development of all Pine Siskins and, among individually housed Pine Siskins, quantified nocturnal migratory restlessness. In group-housed birds, the enriched diet caused increases in body condition and, among females, promoted reproductive development. Among individually housed birds, female reproductive development differed between treatment groups whereas male reproductive development did not. Specifically, individually housed females showed greater reproductive development when presented with conspecifics compared to heterospecifics. The highest rate of female reproductive development, however, was observed amongst individually housed females provided the enriched diet and maintained with group-housed conspecifics on an enriched diet. Changes in nocturnal migratory restlessness did not vary by treatment group or sex. By manipulating both the physical and social environment, this study demonstrates how multiple environmental cues can affect the timing of transitions between life history stages with differential responses between sexes and between migratory and reproductive systems.</p>
Data from: A new mechanistic model for individual growth suggests upregulated maintenance costs when food is scarce in an insect
<p>In order to calibrate and evaluate a recently developed growth model, the Maintenance-Growth Model (MGM), for the case of growth under food restriction, empirical data for house crickets (<em>Acheta</em> <em>domesticus</em>) were collected and analysed. This data set contains data for individually reared crickets growing under two different regimes of controlled food limitation as well as data for food-limited cohorts of growing house crickets. The sets include temporal data for body mass and ingestion as well as age and size at maturation (imago emergence). The data for food-limited cohorts were collected prior to this study and parts of it have previously been analysed and presented in a publication on animal self-thinning. </p>
Effects of food supplementation and helminth removal on space use and spatial overlap in wild bank vole populations
<p>Animal space use and spatial overlap can have important consequences for population-level processes such as social interactions and pathogen transmission. Identifying how environmental variability and inter-individual variation affect spatial patterns and in turn influence interactions in animal populations is a priority for the study of animal behavior and disease ecology. Environmental food availability and macroparasite infection are common drivers of variation, but there are few experimental studies investigating how they affect spatial patterns of wildlife. Bank voles (<em>Clethrionomys glareolus</em>) are a tractable study system to investigate spatial patterns of wildlife and are amenable to experimental manipulations. We conducted a replicated, factorial field experiment in which we provided supplementary food and removed helminths in vole populations in natural forest habitats and monitored vole space use and spatial overlap using capture-mark-recapture methods. Using network analysis, we quantified vole space use and spatial overlap. We compared the effects of food supplementation and helminth removal and investigated the impact of season, sex, and reproductive status on space use and spatial overlap. We found that food supplementation decreased vole space use while helminth removal increased space use. Space use also varied by sex, reproductive status, and season. Spatial overlap was similar between treatments despite up to three-fold differences in population size. By quantifying the spatial effects of food availability and macroparasite infection on wildlife populations, we demonstrate the potential for space use and population density to trade off and maintain consistent spatial overlap in wildlife populations. This has important implications for spatial processes in wildlife including pathogen transmission.</p>
Replication Data for the paper "Predicting Food-Security Crises in the Horn of Africa Using Machine Learning"
<p>This folder contains all input data necessary to run the machine learning model as described in the paper "Predicting Food Security Crises in the Horn of Africa Using Machine Learning". </p><p>This model is developed at the Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. </p><p>Questions or remarks can be send to tim.busker@vu.nl</p>
Figure 1. Experimental units for feeding rates tests with terrestrial isopods and fecal pellets from different food sources. A in Coprophagy in detritivores: methodological design for feeding studies in terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea)
Figure 1. Experimental units for feeding rates tests with terrestrial isopods and fecal pellets from different food sources. A) Treatment access; coprophagy is allowed. B) Treatment removal; coprophagy and bacterial activity on feces are avoided. C) Treatment net; coprophagy is avoided and bacterial activity on feces allowed. D) Fecal pellet from carrot (left) and decomposing leaf (right) consumption.
FIGURE 12 in Taphonomy of an Eocene micromammal assemblage in a lake-margin depositional setting elucidates an ancient food web
FIGURE 12. Scanning electron micrographs of associated near complete lower right dentition (M67678) of the omomyid Microchoerus erinaceus from bed TB33, How Ledge Limestone, SW Headon Hill, showing crowns with group 4 etching and post-voiding scavenging bite and gnaw marks. A, H, J, P4; B, G, P3; C, F, canine; D, E, I, I1; K, M3; L, M2. Views are: buccal (A-D), mesial (E, I), lingual (F-H), and occlusal (J-L). C shows gnaw marks on the ventral edge of the root of the canine; I shows an enlarged ventral portion of the root of I1 (E shows the whole tooth), with a bite mark on the side and parallel gnaw marks on the medioventral edge. The horizontal crease on the buccal enamel wall of P3 (B) is a developmental pathology. Scale bar equals 0.5 mm for I, 1 mm for the rest.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.