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Figure S8 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S8. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. II in Entomobryinae. A‒D. Entomobrya nivalis. A. 2nd instar. B. 3rd instar. C. 4th instar. D. Adult. E‒G. Entomobrya sp. E. 3rd instar. F. 4th instar. G. Adult.

Figure S7 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S7. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. I. A. Orchesella cincta (subadult, Orcheselllinae). B. Orchesellides boraoi (juvenile, Orchesellinae). C‒D. Entomobrya huangi (Entomobryinae). C. 2nd instar. D. Adult. E. Homidia sp. (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). F. Willowsia japonica (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). G. Americabrya arida (adult, Entomobryinae). H. Seira dowlingi (2nd instar, Seirinae). I. Janetschekbrya himalica (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). J. Microfalcula sp. (2nd instar, Salininae).

Figure S6 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S6. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Abd. I in Entomobryinae. A‒D. Entomobrya nivalis. A. 2nd instar. B. 3rd instar. C. 4th instar. D. Adult. E‒G. Entomobrya sp. E. 3rd instar. F. 4th instar. G. Adult.

Figure S5 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S5. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. III. A‒B, Entomobrya huangi (Entomobryinae). A. 2nd instar. B. Adult. C. Homidia sp. (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). D. Willowsia japonica (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). E. Janetschekbrya himalica (2nd instar, Entomobryinae). F. Microfalcula sp. (2nd instar, Salininae). G. Orchesella cincta (subadult, Orcheselllinae). H. Orchesellides boraoi (juvenile, Orchesellinae). I. Americabrya arida (adult, Entomobryinae).

Figure S3 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S3. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. II. A. Orchesella cincta (subadult, Orchesellinae). B. Orchesellides boraoi (juvenile, Orchesellinae). C. Entomobrya sp. (adult, Entomobryinae). D. Americabrya arida (adult, Entomobryinae).

Figure S4 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S4. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. III in Entomobryinae. A‒D. Entomobrya nivalis. A. 2nd instar. B. 3rd instar. C. 4th instar. D. Adult. E‒G. Entomobrya sp. E. 3rd instar. F. 4th instar. G. Adult.

Figure S2 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure S2. Development of dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. II (2nd instar). A. Heteromurus nitidus (Orchesellinae). B. Entomobryoides myrmecophila (Entomobryinae). C. Entomobrya huangi (Entomobryinae). D. Homidia sp. (Entomobryinae). E. Willowsia japonica (Entomobryinae). F. Seira dowlingi (Seirinae). G. Janetschekbrya himalica (Entomobryinae). H. Microfalcula sp. (Salininae).

Figure 14 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure 14. Phylogeny of Entomobryoidea using maximum parsimony. The bootstrap values greater than 50 are given on the nodes. A. Strict consensus of ten equally parsimonious trees with all 38 species included. B. Strict consensus of two equally parsimonious trees with the outgroup and unstable species excluded.

Figure 1 in New insights into the systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola: Entomobryomorpha): first instar chaetotaxy, homology and classification

Figure 1. Tergal elements and their symbols used in this study. Solid and hollow circles represent primary and secondary chaetae, respectively. A. Macrochaeta in Willowsia japonica. B. Abd. IV in Willowsia neocaledonica. C. Abd. IV in Willowsia sp. D. Abd. III in Lepidocyrtus absens. E. Abd. III‒IV in Lepidonella sp. F. Ms on Th. II in Sinhomidia bicolor. G. A diagram of element symbols. Scale bars: A–B, D = 100 μm; C, E = 300 μm; F = 20 μm.

Figs. 34–40. Exaerete smaragdina, fifth instar. 34. Head, frontal view. 35. Head, lateral view. 36 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Figs. 34–40. Exaerete smaragdina, fifth instar. 34. Head, frontal view. 35. Head, lateral view. 36. Spiracle of predefecating larva, side view. 37. Apex of right maxilla, dorsal view. 38–40. Right mandible, dorsal, inner, and ventral views, respectively.

Figs. 29–33. Exaerete smaragdina, fifth instar. 29. Postdefecating larva, lateral view. 30 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Figs. 29–33. Exaerete smaragdina, fifth instar. 29. Postdefecating larva, lateral view. 30. Same, posterior view of terminal abdominal segments. 31. Same, dorsal view of posterior part of metathorax and first three abdominal segments. 32. Predefecating, early fifth instar, lateral view. 33. Predefecating, late fifth instar, lateral view. Scale (= 1.0 mm) refers to all figures.

Figs. 17–23. Exaerete smaragdina, third instar. 17. Entire body, lateral view. 18. Head, frontal view. 19. Head, lateral view. 20–22 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Figs. 17–23. Exaerete smaragdina, third instar. 17. Entire body, lateral view. 18. Head, frontal view. 19. Head, lateral view. 20–22. Right mandible, dorsal, inner, and ventral views, respectively. 23. Right mandible with apex in maximum profile. Scale (= 1.0 mm) refers to fig. 17.

Fig. 1 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Fig. 1. Cells of Eulaema nigrita being provisioned (a and b) and parasitized (c) by Exaerete smaragdina; the arrow (d) indicates the plugged scar made by Exaerete smaragdina. The new cells (a, b, and c) were attached to one cell of the older cell cluster built during the first reuse process of N6.

Figs. 24–28. Exaerete smaragdina, fourth instar. 24. Entire body, lateral view. 25. Head, frontal view. 26. Head, lateral view. 27, 28 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Figs. 24–28. Exaerete smaragdina, fourth instar. 24. Entire body, lateral view. 25. Head, frontal view. 26. Head, lateral view. 27, 28. Right mandible, inner and ventral views, respectively. Scale (= 1.0 mm) refers to fig. 24.

Fig. 2 in Parasitic Behavior of Exaerete smaragdina with Descriptions of Its Mature Oocyte and Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossini)

Fig. 2. Cell cluster of Eulaema nigrita from N3. Cell 1 shows the position of eggs of Exaerete smaragdina (ex) and Eulaema nigrita (el) on the food mass. Cells 2 and 3 show one larva (L) and one egg of Exaerete smaragdina, respectively. Cells 4 and 5 were being provisioned.

Figs. 16, 17 in Hospicidal Behavior of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) coturnix, Including Descriptions of Its Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Figs. 16, 17. SEM micrograph of larval instars of Coelioxys coturnix. 16. Second instar showing skin of first instar attached to venter. 17. Close-up of first-instar mandible (identified by rectangle in fig. 16).

Figs. 11–15 in Hospicidal Behavior of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) coturnix, Including Descriptions of Its Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Figs. 11–15. SEM micrographs of first larval instar of Coelioxys coturnix. 11. Head, covered by chorion, biting egg of Megachile minutissima, frontolateral view. 12. Close-up of front of head, showing micropylar sculpturing of chorion. 13. Head of larva, now removed from host egg, showing mouthparts, near lateral view. 14. Same, approximate ventral view. 15. Mouthparts, with egg chorion and lateral part of parietal now removed, approximate frontal view.

Figs. 4–8 in Hospicidal Behavior of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) coturnix, Including Descriptions of Its Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Figs. 4–8. Macrophotographs of live eggs and early instars of Coelioxys coturnix and eggs of its host, Megachile minutissima. 4. Egg of C. coturnix on host egg. 5. Shrouded first instar of C. coturnix feeding on partly depleted egg of host. 6. Live egg of C. coturnix with its posterior end slightly submerged in provisions and positioned slightly diagonally on host egg; note second egg of C. coturnix removed from host egg and resting in provisions. 7. Egg of C. coturnix attached to host egg, both resting on their sides. 8. Live first instar of C. coturnix feeding on host egg with large egg of Sapyga luteomaculata, ready to eclose, nearby on surface of provisions.

Figs. 23–26 in Hospicidal Behavior of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) coturnix, Including Descriptions of Its Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Figs. 23–26. SEM micrographs of third larval instar of Coelioxys coturnix. 23. Head, mostly frontal view. 24. Close-up of mouthparts, showing dorsal mandibular tooth larger than on previous instar and showing larger palpi than on previous instar. 25. Close-up of left antenna and anterior tentorial pit (as identified by rectangle, fig. 23), showing two sensilla. 26. Spiracle, abdominal segment 3, right side.

Figs. 9, 10 in Hospicidal Behavior of the Cleptoparasitic Bee Coelioxys (Allocoelioxys) coturnix, Including Descriptions of Its Larval Instars (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

Figs. 9, 10. SEM micrographs of second instar (identified by its mandible, as in fig. 20) of Coelioxys coturnix. 9. The somewhat flaccid egg of Megachile minutissima to which is attached the chorion and presumably first instar skin of C. coturnix. 10. Close-up of micropyle (identified by rectangle in fig. 9) matched with micropyle of mature oocyte (Rozen and Kamel, 2007: fig. 33).