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FIG. 1 in Trebouxia maresiae sp. nov. (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta), a new lichenized species of microalga found in coastal environments

FIG. 1. — Phylogram showing the placement of the new species in a subclade of Trebouxia Puymaly clade A sensu Muggia et al. (2020). The phylogeny was built with MrBayes based on a three-locus dataset (nrITS, 5.8S and rbcL). For reference, green- and orange-filled boxes on the right of each tip indicate the species code of each Trebouxia species following Muggia et al. (2020). To the right, the voucher or culture collection code, as well as the name of the species, if any, are provided. Posterior Probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support values (BS, RAxML-NG analysis) are represented on branches leading to nodes on the left and right, respectively. Branches in bold had a significant statistical support (PP ≥ 0.95; BS ≥ 70 %).

FIG. 15 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 15. — Cladonia novochlorophaea (Sipman) Brodo & Ahti: A, habit (BP[BP 9314]); B, spots of lichen secondary metabolites on chromatographic plates; C, distribution in Hungary. Abbreviations: H, homosekiaic acid; F, fumarprotocetraric acid; Z, zeorin; N, norstictic acid. Scale bar: A, 2 mm.

FIG. 8 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 8. — The mean diameter of soredia (µm) measured on podetia (n = 10). Abbreviations: asa, C. asahinae (n = 22); chlo, C. chlorophaea (n = 55); cry, C. cryptochlorophaea (n = 53); gra, C. grayi (n = 17); mero, C. merochlorophaea (n = 70); novo, C. novochlorophaea (n = 10). The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25% and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence.

FIG. 5 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 5. — Height of cup (mm) in different species. Abbreviations: asa, C. asahinae (n = 22); chlo, C. chlorophaea (n = 55); cry, C. cryptochlorophaea (n = 53); gra, C. grayi (n = 17); mero, C. merochlorophaea (n = 70); novo, C. novochlorophaea (n = 10). The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25% and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence.

FIG. 9 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 9. — Conditional inference tree presenting the five most important morphological variables separating species: CH, height of cup; CW, width of cup; PH, height of podetium; SW, width of podetium stalk. The order of the species at the end of the nodes is as follows: a, C. asahinae; c, C. chlorophaea; cr, C. cryptochlorophaea; g, C. grayi; m, C. merochlorophaea; n, C. novochlorophaea. Boxes represent the highest probability of a species occurrence on the tree node. A level of p <0.05 was considered for a significant difference.

FIG. 12 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 12. — Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asahina: A, habit (BP[BP 48938]); B, spots of lichen secondary metabolites on chromatographic plates; C, distribution in Hungary. Abbreviations: c, cryptochlorophaeic acid; nR, norrangiformic acid; F, fumarprotocetraric acid; Z, zeorin; N, norstictic acid. Scale bar: A, 2 mm.

FIG. 7 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 7. — Width of podetium stalk (mm) in different species. Abbreviations: asa, C. asahinae (n = 22); chlo, C. chlorophaea (n = 55); cry, C. cryptochlorophaea (n = 53); gra, C. grayi (n = 17); mero, C. merochlorophaea (n = 70); novo, C. novochlorophaea (n = 10). The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25% and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence.

FIG. 11 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 11. — Cladonia chlorophaea (FlÖrke ex Sommerf.) Spreng.: A, habit (BP[BP 49014]); B, spots of lichen secondary metabolites on chromatographic plates; C, distribution in Hungary. Abbreviations: F, fumarprotocetraric acid; Z, zeorin; N, norstictic acid. Scale bar: A, 2 mm.

FIG. 6 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 6. — Width of cup (mm) in different species. Abbreviations: asa, C. asahinae (n = 22); chlo, C. chlorophaea (n = 55); cry, C. cryptochlorophaea (n = 53); gra, C. grayi (n = 17); mero, C. merochlorophaea (n = 70); novo, C. novochlorophaea (n = 10). The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25% and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence.

FIG. 10. — Cladonia asahinae J.W in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 10. — Cladonia asahinae J.W.Thomson: A, habit (BP[BP 9421]); B, spots of lichen secondary metabolites on chromatographic plates; C, distribution in Hungary. Abbrevations: R, rangiformic acid; nR, norrangiformic acid; F, fumarprotocetraric acid; Z, zeorin; N, norstictic acid. Scale bar: A, 2 mm.

FIG. 3 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 3. — Conditional inference tree presenting the presence of the three most abundant lichen secondary metabolites occurring in more than one species of the C. chlorophaea species group. A level of p <0.05 was considered for a significant difference. Abbreviations: cch, cryptochlorophaeic acid; ran, rangiformic acid; tha, thamnolic acid; a, C. asahinae; ch, C. chlorophaea; cr, C. cryptochlorophaea; g, C. grayi; me, C. merochlorophaea; no, C. novochlorophaea. Boxes represent the highest probability of a species occurrence on the tree node.

FIG. 4 in Analysis of lichen secondary metabolites and morphometrics in the Cladonia chlorophaea species group (Cladoniaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) in Hungary

FIG. 4. — Height of podetia (mm) of the different species. Abbreviations: asa, C. asahinae (n = 22); chlo, C. chlorophaea (n = 55); cry, C. cryptochlorophaea (n = 53); gra, C. grayi (n = 17); mero, C. merochlorophaea (n = 70); novo, C. novochlorophaea (n = 10). The lines represent the minimum and maximum values, the box represents the 25% and 75% of the data, the thick line represents the median. Means with the same letter are not significantly different at 95% confidence.

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Fig. 2 in Revision of the lichen genus Myelochroa (Ascomycotina: Parmeliaceae) in Korea

Fig. 2. Myelochroa xantholepis (Mont. & Bosch) Elix & Hale (collected from India and determined by S. Kurokawa, H. Hara s.n., TNS), showing dichotomously and irregularly divided lobules along the lobe margins (arrows). Scale bar=5 mm.

FIG. 4 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 4. — Community weighted mean proportions of functional traits for each vegetation type: A, growth forms; B, substrate; C, reproductive structure types; D, photobionts.

FIG. 3 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 3. — Ordination and clustering of lichen communities from the different vegetation types: A, non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NDMS); B, cluster analysis dendrogram. The sites Cerro el Capulín and Cerro Juan el Grande show different affinities in both analyses (part of the xerophytic shrubland in the NDMS, but more similar to the Quercus L. forest in the dendrogram, labeled as the Xerophytic-Quercus group in the latter).

FIG. 5 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 5. — Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis of lichen community functional traits and environmental variables in three vegetation types. * (p <0.05) and ** (p <0.005) represent the significance of functional traits related to the Xerophytic shrubland (X), Subtropical shrubland (S), and Quercus L. forest (Q).

FIG. 1 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 1. — Amplitude and mean values of alpha diversity (species richness) per vegetation type. Symbols: black dot, outlier; white dots, mean values.

FIG. 6 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 6. — Correlation of lichen community functional traits and environmental variables in three vegetation types.

FIG. 2 in Lichen community assemblages and functional traits as indicators of vegetation types in central Mexico, based on herbarium specimens

FIG. 2. — Beta diversity and shared species per vegetation type: A, pairwise comparisons of the different elements of beta diversity (Xerophytic, xerophytic shrubland; Quercus, Quercus forest; Subtropical, subtropical shrubland); B, Venn diagram showing exclusive and shared species among the vegetation types included in this study.