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6,569 results for “Long-term”
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Soil solution chemistry data from long-term study plots
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) has established a network of long-term permanent biogeochemical study plots. These plots will provide long-term data on vegetation, soil and hydrologic processes in the key ecosystem types within the urban ecosystem. The current network of study plots includes eight forest plots, chosen to represent the range of forest conditions in the area, and four grass plots. These plots are complemented by a network of 200 less intensive study plots located across the Baltimore metropolitan area. Plots are currently instrumented with lysimeters (drainage and tension) to sample soil solution chemistry, time domain reflectometry probes to measure soil moisture, dataloggers to measure and record soil temperature and trace gas flux chambers to measure the flux of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane from soil to the atmosphere. Measurements of in situ nitrogen mineralization, nitrification and denitrification were made at approximately monthly intervals from Fall 1998 - Fall 2000. Detailed vegetation characterization (all layers) was done in summer 1998. Data from these plots has been published in Groffman et al. (2006, 2009) and Groffman and Pouyat (2009). In November of 1998 four rural, forested plots were established at Oregon Ridge Park in Baltimore County northeast of the Gwynns Falls Watershed. Oregon Ridge Park contains Pond Branch, the forested reference watershed for BES. Two of these four plots are located on the top of a slope; the other two are located midway up the slope. In June of 2010 measurements at the mid-slope sites on Pond Branch were discontinued. Monuments and equipment remain at the two plots. These plots were replaced with two lowland riparian plots; Oregon upper riparian and Oregon lower riparian. Each riparian sites has four 5 cm by 1-2.5 meter depth slotted wells laid perpendicular to the stream, four tension lysimeters at 10 cm depth, five time domain reflectometry probes, and four trace gas flux chambers in the
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Long-Term Monitoring of Riparian Water Table Depth and Groundwater Chemistry
Long-term monitoring of riparian water tables and groundwater chemistry began in 2000 along four first or second order steams in and around the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore City and County, MD. One site (Oregon Ridge) is in the completely forested Pond Branch catchment that serves as a ""reference"" study area for the Baltimore LTER (BES). Two sites (Glyndon, Gwynbrook) were in suburban areas of the watershed; one just upstream from the Glyndon BES long-term stream monitoring site in the headwaters of the Gwynns Falls, and one along a tributary that enters the Gwynns Falls just above the Gwynnbrook BES long-term stream monitoring site farther downstream. The final, urban site (Cahill) was along a tributary to the Gwynns Falls in Leakin Park in the urban core of the watershed. Water table data and more detailed descriptions of soils, vegetation, stream channel properties and microbial processes at these sites can be found in Groffman et al. (2002, Environmental Science and Technology 36:4547-4552) and Gift et al. (2010, Restoration Ecology 18:113-120).
Tree regeneration after fire: Wickersham Dome long-term vegetation study, birch height data
These data represent the most recent set of observations (made in 2002 by J. Johnstone) for several long-term vegetation monitoring plots near Wickersham Dome that were set up by Les Viereck and Joan Foote following the 1971 wildfire and 1978 experimental burns. Earlier records are available in the BNZ long-term vegetation database. This dataset documents tree seedling/sapling and shrub measurements made in 2002. Lists heights of all individual paper birch (Betula papyrifera) present in a plot.
Tree regeneration after fire: Wickersham Dome long-term vegetation study, bl. spruce height data
These data represent the most recent set of observations (made in 2002 by J. Johnstone) for several long-term vegetation monitoring plots near Wickersham Dome that were set up by Les Viereck and Joan Foote following the 1971 wildfire and 1978 experimental burns. Earlier records are available in the BNZ long-term vegetation database. This dataset documents tree seedling/sapling and shrub measurements made in 2002. Lists heights of all individual black spruce (Picea mariana) present in a plot.
Tree regeneration after fire: Wickersham Dome long-term vegetation study, aspen height data
These data represent the most recent set of observations (made in 2002 by J. Johnstone) for several long-term vegetation monitoring plots near Wickersham Dome that were set up by Les Viereck and Joan Foote following the 1971 wildfire and 1978 experimental burns. Earlier records are available in the BNZ long-term vegetation database. This dataset documents tree seedling/sapling and shrub measurements made in 2002. Lists heights of all individual trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) present in a plot.
Long-term monitoring of wet, dry, and bulk atmospheric deposition in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 1999
The aims of this study are to examine (1) the magnitude and spatial variability in the concentration and flux of wet deposited major ions (NO3-N, NH4-N, DOC, PO4-P, Cl, SO4, H+, Ca, Mg, Na, K) across the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, including the developed urban core and outlying desert, and (2) patterns of coarse dry particulate deposition across stated area and provide some minimum estimates on levels of dry deposition of these ions. This study was designed particularly to answer the question: 'To what extent are concentrations and fluxes of these ions enhanced at sites within the urban core relative to undeveloped desert sites upwind and downwind of the city?'. At the outset, the project featured eight wet-dry collectors positioned spatially so as to form a transect running approximately west-to-east across the central Arizona region from outlying desert to the west, upwind of the prevailing synoptic wind direction, through agriculture to urban core sites, and, finally, to two downwind sites in the desert to the east and northeast. As much as possible, these collectors were co-located with Maricopa County or Arizona Department of Environmental Quality monitoring stations. Monitoring at most sampling locations ran from 1999 through the mid-2000s when sampling was discontinued at several sites. Sampling continued at the Lost Dutchman State Park, also a Desert Fertilization experiment site with a focus on atmospheric deposition, through 2016. Sampling continues at a site on the Arizona State University Tempe campus that was added to the program in 2009.
Long-term record of streamwater chemistry in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (1977-1999)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This specific dataset was collected to monitor long-term changes in dissolved nutrient concentrations (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus) and other water-quality parameters by sampling surface water.
Long-term monitoring of macroinvertebrates in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2010-2019)
## overview The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). ## research objectives This dataset was collected to understand two questions: (1) how does inter- and intra-annual variability and directional change in winter precipitation and hence streamflow extremes influence macroinvertebrate community structure, and (2) how do these patterns differ in wetland- and gravel-dominated reaches.
Long-term measurements of algal biomass in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2011-2019)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This dataset was collected to understand changes of algal growth by month during the field season and same season in different years characterized by different hydrological regime. In 2009 and 2013, data was collected in both wetland reach and gravel reach to compare the difference of algal growth in two reach types in the same time of the year. Data collected in 1980s and 1990s include two reach types: riffle and run, and were also to understand the post-flood succession. As sample collection and processing methodologies changed over the course of the long-term study, methods specific to distinct sampling periods are provided.
Long-term monitoring of streamwater chemistry in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2010-2014)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This specific dataset was collected to monitor long-term changes in dissolved nutrient concentrations (N, P, C) by sampling surface water within gravel and wetland dominated reaches during baseflow.
Long-term monitoring of floodwater chemistry in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2010-2021)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). These data were collected to understand how climate change alters flood-mediated delivery of the limiting resource, nitrogen. Specifically, how does the amount of winter rainfall and the number, timing, and intensity of winter and monsoon floods alter N delivery. Previous research indicates that nitrogen is a limiting element in Sycamore Creek, and that pulses of nitrogen enter the system from the landscape during winter rains and summer monsoons. Nitrogen in high concentrations can be a pollutant so consideration of downstream export is a consideration. Researchers collected water samples during storms to compare inter- and inter-annual variability in storm dynamics, and to examine the pulse of various nutrients associated with these events.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition During Grassland Succession
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how initially disturbing an area and adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. This experiment is conducted within fields (A, B, and C) which were initially low in soil nutrients. The ground was disturbed by thoroughly disking the area prior to establishment of the experiment. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. Nitrogen fertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. There are six replicates of each treatment per field. The treatments were randomly assigned to plots of size 4 by 4 meters. The plots are in 6 plot by 9 plot grids with 1 meter aisles between plots. The plot grids are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. In the spring of 1992, subexperiments E097 and E098 were established. E097 is in fields A and C where randomly selected plots within each treatment no longer receive fertilizer. E098 is in field B where randomly selected plots within each treatment are burned. Note that the design of E002 is similar to E001 except E002 was thoroughly disked prior to establishment.
Long-term species richness and evenness trends in response to N addition and elevated CO2 in BioCON
The data and code in this package are associated with the analysis for a manuscript titled "Elevated CO2 first dampens but then amplifies diversity loss due to N enrichment over 24 years". The files include 24 years of data on species cover, total aboveground biomass, species richness, evenness and environmental variables from the BioCON experiment. The complete BioCON (Biodiversity, CO2, and N) experiment includes 371 2 x 2 m plots in six circular 20-meter diameter rings, located at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota, USA. Plots were established on secondary successional grassland on a sandy outwash soil after removing the prior vegetation. The BioCON project includes several overlapping and nested experiments.
Tree mortality in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
FAB2_sapling_volume_2021-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
fab2_allometry_2016-2022 in Forest and Biodiversity 2: a tree diversity experiment to understand the consequences of multiple dimensions of diversity and composition for long-term ecosystem function and resilience
The Forest and Biodiversity (FAB2) experiment uses native tree species in varying levels of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity planted in 100 m2 and 400 m2 plots at 1 m spacing, appropriate for testing long-term ecosystem consequences. FAB2 was designed and established in conjunction with a prior experiment (FAB1) in which the same set of twelve species was planted in 16 m2 plots at 0.5 m spacing. Both are adjacent to the BioDIV prairie-grassland diversity experiment, enabling comparative investigations of diversity and ecosystem function relationships between experimental grasslands and forests at different planting densities and plot sizes. This data package examines mortality in the first six years of the experiment.
Long-term nitrogen fertilization inhibits carbon and nitrogen loss during late stage fungal necromass decomposition depending on necromass chemistry
Fungal necromass is increasingly recognized as a key component of in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. However, how C and N loss from fungal necromass during decomposition are impacted by global change factors such as anthropogenic N addition and changes to soil C supply (e.g. via changing root exudation and rhizosphere priming) remains unclear and understudied relative to plant tissues. To address these gaps, we conducted a year-long decomposition experiment with four species of fungal necromass incubated across four forested sites in plots that had received inorganic N and/or labile C fertilization for decades in Minnesota, USA. We found that necromass chemistry was the primary driver of C and N loss from fungal necromass as well as response to fertilization. Specifically, N addition suppressed late-stage decomposition, but this effect was weaker in melanin-rich necromass, contrary to the hypothesis based on plant litter dynamics that N addition should suppress decomposition of more complex organic molecules. Labile C addition had no effect on either the early or late stages of necromass decomposition. Nitrogen release from necromass also varied among species, with N-poor necromass having lower N release after controlling for differences in mass loss via regression. The relatively minor effects of N fertilization on the proportion of initial necromass N released suggests that N demand by decomposers is the primary control on N loss during fungal necromass decomposition. Together, our results stress the importance of the afterlife effects of fungal chemical composition to forest soil C and N cycles. Further, they demonstrate that C and N release from this critical pool can be reduced by ongoing anthropogenic N addition.
Field survey and long-term measurements of biological, geomorphic, and hydrologic properties across ecosystem states in a non-tidal, salinizing peat marsh in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA, June 2018 - ongoing
This dataset package details a field survey and long-term measurements of biological, geomorphic, and hydrologic properties across ecosystem states found within a salinizing, non-tidal peat marsh in the coastal Everglades. There are four datasets included: FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_HydroGeo includes point measurements of soil surface elevation, bedrock elevation, soil depth, water depth, and porewater salinity across ecosystem states: emergent marsh (sawgrass dominated), submerged marsh (submerged aquatic vegetation), and unvegetated open water. The survey was conducted between November 2019 to January 2020. FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio contains plot-scale (1 m^2) biological measurements from emergent marsh (sawgrass). Biological measurements (total sawgrass, average individual sawgrass biomass, and total sawgrass aboveground biomass), are inherently plot-level but geomorphic and hydrologic measurements were averaged (n = 3) for each plot. Standard deviations are provided. FCE1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio_LongTerm contains biological plot-scale (1 m^2) measurements at a bi-monthly timestep from Nov 2019 - July 2022 from a subset of plots (n = 9) included in the FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_Bio dataset. Each bi-monthly measurement is the average value across all 9 nine plots. Standard deviations are also included. FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_SETMH contains long-term measurements of soil surface elevation change and vertical accretion from surface elevation change and marker horizon plots from June 2018 - May 2023. Average and standard errors across all plots are included as well as measurements from each plot. Also included is the cumulative number of dry days based on the average soil surface elevation for all plots. Data collection for all datasets is complete, except for FCE_1250_Lamb_AltStableState_SETMH. SET-MH measurements are still ongoing.
Long-Term Aquatic Faunal Sampling via Throw Trap in Shark River Slough, Everglades, Florida, USA, 1978 – 2021
Long-term monitoring of fish communities in the Everglades using 1-m2 throw traps started in 1978 and is ongoing. Data represent the number of individuals per species collected per throw trap (i.e., individuals per square meter). From 1978-1995 sampling occurred five times per year, referred to as periods, at one plot per site and the number of throws was determined by estimates of inter-sample variance. In 1996, the spatial extent of monitoring was expanded to include additional sites and multiple plots per site. At each plot 5-7 throw trap samples were collected with sampling location within a plot being drawn from a random number table. Days since dry (DSD) are calculated as the number of days since depth was last < 5 cm using the Everglades Depth Estimation Network and in situ depth measurements. Statistical comparisons of community composition can be found in FCE1258_community_change.Rmd
Long-term water quality monitoring in the Altamaha, Doboy and Sapelo sounds and the Duplin River near Sapelo Island, Georgia from May 2001 to August 2009
Water samples were collected on Georgia Coastal Ecosystems LTER oceanographic monitoring cuirses approximately every three months from May 2001 through December 2006 and monthly from November 2006 to August 2009. Concentrations of dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrate+nitrite, phosphate), dissolved organics (DOC, DON, DOP), particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, total suspended sediment, and total particulate iron and phosphorus were measured using standard analytical methods. The concentrations of six elements (calcium, potassium, magnesium, sodium, silicon, and strontium) were also determined occasionally using elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.