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FIGURE 9 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 9. Caminella pustula sp. nov., MNHN-IP-2008-4, holotype. A. Sterrasters. B. Young sterraster. C. Surface of mature sterraster. D. Oxyasters. E. Spherules.

FIGURE 6 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 6. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–D. BMNH 1955.3.24.2 (=RMNH Por 647), paralectotype of Isops maculosus Vosmaer (1894), Gulf of Naples, 150–200 m. A. Mature sterrasters. B. Close-up of mature sterrasters on hilum. C. Oxyasters. D. Spherasters and spherules. E–G. field# Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102–112 m. E. Mature sterrasters (same scale as A). F. Spherasters (same scale as D). G. Oxyasters (same scale as C).

FIGURE 5 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 5. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892), #13/07/2003-2 from "lithistid" cave, 2–3 m, Chak El Hatab, Lebanon. A. Mature sterraster, oxyasters and spherules. B. Spherules. C. Dichotriaene. Note the sterrasters at the tip of the rhabdome. D. Oxea (same scale as C).

FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 3. A. NHMW-3Zoo-EV-MP345, slide of holotype of Caminella loricata Lendenfeld, 1894; B. NHMW-3Zoo-EV- MP346, slide of holotype of C. loricata. C. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing dichotriaenes, sterrasters and numerous oxyasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); D. Section of holotype of C. loricata showing uniporal pores in the cortex of sterrasters, scale: 100 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); E. close-up of picture D showing a uniporal pore filled with spherasters. Note the undeveloped status of the sterrasters, scale: 50 µm (slide 345, picture: O. Macek); F. Section of Caminella intuta (ZMAPOR 21653), from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal. Note the cloaca with oscule opening. G. Same section as in F, showing dichotriaenes, oxeas and sterrasters in the choanosome, as well as the thin cortex.

FIGURE 2 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 2. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A. Specimen in Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France (not collected), note the dark ring around uniporal oscules (large openings) and pores (small openings); B. Specimens in "lithistid cave", Chak El Hatab, Lebanon; C. Large specimen in Cosquer cave, France, field# PL617PC-7; D. ZMAPOR 21653 (after preservation in ethanol) from Carreiro Maldito cave, Berlengas, Portugal; E. Oscules (large) and pores (small) from specimen PL617PC-7, Cosquer cave (fixation in ethanol); F. Oscule and minute pores from specimen Sp175, Alboran Sea, 102-112 m depth (preserved in formalin, storage in ethanol).

FIGURE 4 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 4. Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892). A–B. Microscleres from specimen from Gameau cave, La Ciotat, France, 193S. A. Immature sterraster. B. Oxyasters and spherasters. C–D. Microscleres from specimen from the 'Carreiro Maldito' cave, 6-8 m, Berlengas, Portugal, ZMAPOR 21653. C. Young and immature sterrasters, oxyasters, spherasters (same scale as in A). D. Surface of immature sterraster with a spheraster.

FIGURE 1 in From marine caves to the deep sea, a new look at Caminella (Demospongiae, Geodiidae) in the Atlanto-Mediterranean region

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Caminella intuta (Topsent, 1892) in blue, Caminella caboverdensis sp. nov. in orange, Caminella pustula sp. nov. in white.

FIGURES 14–15 in Review of the genus Trichactia Stein (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Palaearctic Region, with the description of a new species from Iran and the East Mediterranean

FIGURES 14–15. Live specimens of Trichactia spp. 14. Trichactia pictiventris (Zetterstedt), ♂, on leaf of Acer pseudoplatanus L., Bavaria, Germany (CZB) (body length: 5.0 mm). 15. Trichactia meridiana sp. nov., paratype, ♀, on flowers of Apiaceae, Paphos District, Cyprus (CZB) (body length: 4.5 mm). Photographs by J. Ziegler.

FIGURE 16 in Review of the genus Trichactia Stein (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Palaearctic Region, with the description of a new species from Iran and the East Mediterranean

FIGURE 16. Distribution of Trichactia species in the Palaearctic region: T. pictiventris (Zetterstedt) (red dots—examined material; white dots—literature-based data); T. meridiana sp. nov. (green squares—examined material; white squaresliterature-based data); T. nubilinervis (Becker) (yellow triangle—examined material; white triangle—literature-based data).

FIGURES 5–7 in Review of the genus Trichactia Stein (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Palaearctic Region, with the description of a new species from Iran and the East Mediterranean

FIGURES 5–7. Trichactia spp., ♀, head in lateral view. 5. Trichactia pictiventris (Zetterstedt), Canton Grisons, Switzerland (CZB). 6. Trichactia meridiana sp. nov., paratype, Paphos District, Cyprus (CZB). 7. Trichactia nubilinervis (Becker), holotype, Canary Islands, Tenerife (ZMHB). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1–4 in Review of the genus Trichactia Stein (Diptera: Tachinidae) in the Palaearctic Region, with the description of a new species from Iran and the East Mediterranean

FIGURES 1–4. Trichactia spp., habitus in lateral view. 1. Trichactia pictiventris (Zetterstedt), ♂, Canton Grisons, Switzerland (CZB). 2. Trichactia pictiventris (Zetterstedt), ♀, Canton Grisons, Switzerland (CZB). 3. Trichactia meridiana sp. nov., paratype, ♂, Paphos District, Cyprus (CZB). 4. Trichactia. meridiana sp. nov., paratype, ♀, Paphos District, Cyprus (CZB). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

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Figs 10–11 in Notes on taxonomy and distribution of some Ortochile Latreille, 1809, Sybistroma Meigen, 1824 and Teuchophorus Loew, 1857 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) species from Mediterranean Region

Figs 10–11. Fahs-Anjra locality of Sybistroma parvula (Parent, 1927) and Ortochile morenae (Strobl, 1899) (10) and surrounding landscape (11). Photographs by M. Nourti, 15.II.2020. Рис 10–11. МестообитаниЯ Sybistroma parvula (Parent, 1927) и Ortochile morenae (Strobl, 1899) в провинции Фахс-Анжра (10) и окружаюЩий ландШафт (11). Фото М. Ноурти, 15.II.2020.

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Fig. 12 in Notes on taxonomy and distribution of some Ortochile Latreille, 1809, Sybistroma Meigen, 1824 and Teuchophorus Loew, 1857 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) species from Mediterranean Region

Fig. 12. Moulay Abdelsalam type locality of Sybistroma theodori Grichanov et Nourti, nom.n. in Larache Province. Photograph by courtesy of K. Kettani, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Tetouan, Morocco, 8.I.2020. Рис. 12. Типовое местообитание Sybistroma theodori Grichanov et Nourti, nom.n. около Мулай Абдельсалам в провинции ЛараШ. Фото К. Кеттани, Университет им. Абдельмалека Эссаади, Тетуан, Марокко, 8.I.2020.

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Figs 6–9 in Notes on taxonomy and distribution of some Ortochile Latreille, 1809, Sybistroma Meigen, 1824 and Teuchophorus Loew, 1857 (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) species from Mediterranean Region

Figs 6–9. Hypopygium: 6 — Ortochile morenae; 7 — Sybistroma theodori; 8–9 — Sybistroma parvula; 6, 8, 9 — left lateral view; 7 — right lateral view. Photographs by I.Ya. Grichanov; 9 — after Morge, Negrobov, 1981. Рис. 6–9. Гипопигий: 6 — Ortochile morenae; 7 — Sybistroma theodori; 8–9 — Sybistroma parvula; 6, 8, 9 — слева; 7 — справа. Фото И.Я. Гричанова; 9 — по Morge, Negrobov, 1981.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 6. Plots of the 19 continuous numeric characters. For each sample, the 25–75% quartiles are drawn using a box. The median is shown with a horizontal line inside the box. The whiskers are drawn from the top of the box up to the largest data point less than 1.5 times the box height from the box, and similarly below the box. Outlier values are shown as dots. All measures in mm. The characters are indicated as follows: a) whole plant, height; b) rosette leaves, length; c) rosette leaves, width; d) lower stem leaves, length; e) lower stem leaves, width; f) upper stem leaves, length; g) upper stem leaves, width; h) apical lobe of rosette leaves, length; i) apical lobe of rosette leaves, width; j) lateral lobes of rosette leaves, length; k) lateral lobes of rosette leaves, width; l) capitula, length; m) capitula, width; n) median phyllaries, length; o) median phyllaries, width; p) appendage fimbriae of middle phyllaries, length; q) cypsela, length; r) cypsela, width; s) pappus, length. The taxa are numbered as follows: 1) Centaurea busambarensis; 2) C. valdemonensis; 3) C. erycina; 4) C. panormitana; 5) C. tyrrhena; 6) C. aegusae; 7) C. todaroi; 8) C. seguenzae; 9) C. saccensis; 10) population of San Marco d'Alunzio.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 5. Discriminant analysis based on the 26 considered morphological characters with groups corresponding to the 6 known species of the C. busambarensis complex that grow at low elevation plus the population of San Marco d'Alunzio. Axis 1: eigenvalue 13.8, % variance 48.05; Axis 2: eigenvalue 6.6277, % variance 23.08.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 3. Principal component analysis based on the 19 continuous morphological characters, with groups corresponding to the 6 known species of the C. busambarensis complex that grow at low elevation plus the population of San Marco d'Alunzio. PC1: eigenvalue 0.242, % variance 36.55; PC2: eigenvalue 0.118, % variance 17.84.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 8. Detail of the fimbriae of: a) Centaurea busambarensis; b) C. saccensis; c) C. erycina; d) C. haluntina; e) C. valdemonensis; f) C. aegusae; g) C. panormitana; h) C. seguenzae; i) C. tyrrhena; l) C. todaroi (drawn by L. Gianguzzi from fresh material collected in the loci classici).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 4. Discriminant analysis based on the 26 considered morphological characters with groups corresponding to the 9 known taxa of the C. busambarensis complex plus the population of San Marco d'Alunzio. Axis 1: eigenvalue 17.218, % variance 47.26; Axis 2: eigenvalue 6.3053, % variance 17.31.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of the Centaurea busambarensis complex (Asteraceae) from the Nebrodi Mountains in Sicily (Central Mediterranean region)

FIGURE 7. Centaurea haluntina Gianguzzi, Di Grist., Barone & Domina: a) habit; b) rosette leaf; c) capitulum; d) phyllary; e) cypsela (drawn by L. Gianguzzi from the original material).