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556 results for “Meta Data”
Data from: Australian native mammals recognise and respond to alien predators: a meta-analysis
Prey naiveté is a failure to recognise novel predators and thought to cause exaggerated impacts of alien predators on native wildlife. Yet there is equivocal evidence in the literature for native prey naiveté towards aliens. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis of Australian mammal responses to native and alien predators. Australia has the world's worst record of extinction and declines of native mammals, largely due to two alien predators introduced some 150 years ago: the feral cat, Felis catus, and European red fox, Vulpes vulpes. Analysis of 94 responses to predator cues show that Australian mammals consistently recognise alien foxes as a predation threat, possibly because of thousands of years experience with another canid predator, the dingo, Canis lupus dingo. We also found consistent recogntion responses towards feral cats, however in 4 of the 7 studies available, these responses were of risk-taking behaviour rather than antipredator behaviour. Our results suggest that a simple failure to recognise alien predators is not behind the ongoing exaggerated impacts of alien predators in Australia. Instead, our results highlight an urgent need to better understand the appropriateness of antipredator responses in prey towards alien predators in order to understand native prey vulnerability.
Data from: Anemia and related nutrient deficiencies after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective: To obtain a pooled risk estimate on the long-term impact of anaemia and related nutritional deficiencies in patients receiving Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases were searched to identify English reports published before 16 May 2014. Eligibility criteria: Articles with case numbers >100, follow-up period >12 months, and complete data from both before and after surgery were selected. Outcomes of interest were changes in baseline measurements of proportion of patients with anaemia, by haemoglobin, haematocrit, ferritin, iron, vitamin B12 and folate levels. Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently reviewed data and selected six prospective and nine retrospective studies with a total of 5909 patients. A random effect model with inverse variance weighting was used to calculate summary estimates of outcomes at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. Results: Proportion of patients with anaemia was 12.2% at baseline, which, respectively, increased to 20.9% and 25.9% at 12 and 24 months follow-up, consistent with decreases in haemoglobin and haematocrit levels. Although the serum iron level did not change substantially after surgery, the frequency of patients with ferritin deficiency increased from 7.9% at baseline to 13.4% and 23.0% at 12 and 24 months, respectively, postoperation. Vitamin B12 deficiency increased from 2.3% at baseline to 6.5% at 12 months after surgery in those subjects receiving RYGB. There was no obvious increase in folate deficiency. Conclusions: RYGB surgery is associated with an increased risk of anaemia and deficiencies of iron and vitamin B12, but not folate. Ferritin is more sensitive when serum iron level is within normal range.
Data from: A meta-analysis of non-consumptive predator effects in arthropods: the influence of organismal and environmental characteristics
Non-consumptive effects (NCEs) – changes in prey behavior or physiology in response to predator threat – are common and can be as strong as consumptive effects. However, our knowledge of NCEs in arthropod systems is lacking. Factors related to study organism and environment have the potential to influence the occurrence and magnitude of NCEs in arthropod systems. While factors such as coevolutionary history of natural enemies and their prey, predator cue, predator or prey feeding mode, and refuge availability have been theoretically and empirically examined, no trends have been proposed for arthropods. We compiled 62 studies, yielding 128 predator–prey interactions, which explicitly examined NCEs in experiments where arthropods were identified to species, using a previously published database of papers from 1990 to 2005 and a new database of papers published from 2006 to 2015. Using these data, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the influence of organismal and environmental characteristics on the magnitude of predator NCEs. Our analysis addressed the following three questions. 1) Does predator–prey coevolution give rise to stronger NCEs than when predator and prey species did not coevolve? 2) What influence does habitat type and refuge availability have on NCEs? 3) How do predator characteristics (cue type, hunting mode and life stage) and prey characteristics (mobility, life stage, specialization, gregariousness and feeding mode) influence NCEs? We found that while NCEs were similar across most measured characteristics, NCEs on prey activity were significantly stronger when predator and prey shared an evolutionary history. Our results support growing evidence that NCEs have a negative effect on prey traits and that behavioral NCEs are stronger than physiological ones. Additional studies are needed to be confident in any emerging patterns, therefore we identify key gaps in the literature on NCEs in arthropod systems and discuss ideas for moving forward.
Data from: Meta-analysis of yield response of foliar fungicide-treated hybrid corn in the United States and Ontario, Canada
Background: Foliar fungicide applications to corn (Zea mays) occur at one or more application timings ranging from early vegetative growth stages to mid-reproductive stages. Previous studies indicated that fungicide applications are profitable under high disease pressure when applied during the tasseling to silking growth stages. Few comprehensive studies in corn have examined the impact of fungicide applications at an early vegetative growth stage (V6) compared to late application timings (VT) for yield response and return on fungicide investment (ROI) across multiple locations. Objective: Compare yield response of fungicide application timing across multiple fungicide classes and calculate the probability of positive ROI. Data sources: Data were collected specifically for this analysis using a uniform protocol conducted in 13 states in the United States and one province in Canada from 2014 - 2015. Synthesis methods: Data were subjected to a primary mixed-model analysis of variance. Subsequent univariate meta-analyses, with and without moderator variables, were performed using standard meta-analytic procedures. Follow-up power and prediction analyses were performed to aid interpretation and development of management recommendations. Results: Fungicide application resulted in a positive yield response in 68.2% of the 436 trial-studies. All three moderator variables tested (application timing, fungicide class, and disease base level), had a significant effect (=0.05) on the absolute difference in yield between fungicide treated and non-treated plots ( ¯D). Application timing influenced ¯D, with V6 + VT and the VT application timings resulting in greater yield responses than the V6 application timing alone. Fungicide formulations that combined demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor fungicides significantly increased yield response. Conclusion: Foliar fungicide applications can increase corn grain yield. To ensure the likelihood of a positive ROI, farmers should focus on applications at VT and use fungicides that include a mix of demethylation inhibitor and quinone outside inhibitor active ingredients.
Data from: Paceless life? a meta-analysis of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis
The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis predicts that individual differences in behaviour should integrate with morphological, physiological, and life-history traits along a slow to fast pace-of-life continuum. For example, individuals with a "slow" pace-of-life are expected to exhibit a slower growth rate, delayed reproduction, longer lifespans, have stronger immune responses, and are expected to avoid risky situations relative to "fast" individuals. If supported this hypothesis would help resolve ecological and evolutionary questions regarding the origin and maintenance of phenotypic variation. Support for the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis has, however, been mixed. Here we conducted a meta-analysis of 42 articles and 179 estimates testing the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis as it applies to the integration of behaviours with physiological or life-history traits. We found little overall support for the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis with the mean support estimated as r = 0.06. Support for the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis was significantly higher in invertebrates (r = 0.23) than vertebrates (r = 0.02) and significantly higher when based on phenotypic (r = 0.10) versus genetic correlations (r = -0.09). We also found that females exhibited correlations between behaviour and life-history and physiology that were opposite the predictions of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis (r = -0.16) and that these correlations significantly differed from those observed in males (r = 0.01) or males and females pooled (r = 0.12). It was also the case that there was little support for the hypothesis when life-history and physiological traits were independently analysed (behaviour × life-history: r = 0.12; behaviour × physiology: r = 0.04). Exploratory post-hoc analyses revealed that correlations of behaviour with growth rate and hormone levels were more likely to show support for the predictions of the pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis. The lack of overall support found in our analyses suggests that general assertions regarding phenotypic integration due to "pace-of-life" and should be re-evaluated.
Data from: Which landscape size best predicts the influence of forest cover on restoration success? – A global meta-analysis on the scale of effect
Landscape context is a strong predictor of species persistence, abundance and distribution, yet its influence on the success of ecological restoration remains unclear. Thus, a primary question arises: which landscape size best predicts the effects of forest cover on restoration success? To answer this question, we conducted a global meta-analysis for biodiversity (mammals, birds, invertebrates, herpetofauna and plants) and measures of vegetation structure (cover, density, height, biomass and litter). Response ratios were calculated for comparisons between reference (e.g. old-growth forest) and disturbed sites (degraded or restored). Using an information-theoretic approach, mean response ratio (restoration success) and response ratio variance (restoration predictability) within each study landscape were regressed against the percentage of overall (summed forest cover) and contiguous (summed pixels of ≥60% forest cover) forest within eight different buffer sizes of radius 5–200 km (at 1-km resolution). We included 247 studies encompassing 196 study landscapes and 4360 quantitative comparisons. The best buffer (landscape) size varied for the following: (i) overall and contiguous forest cover, (ii) biodiversity and vegetation structure and (iii) mean response ratio and response ratio variance. Only plant biodiversity was influenced by overall forest cover (buffer size of 5, 10 and 200 km radii), while plants (10 and 200 km radii), mammals (5, 10 and 50–200 km radii), invertebrates (5 and 10 km radii), cover (5 km radii), height (5 km radii) and litter (100 km radii) were influenced by contiguous forest cover. Overall, mean response ratio and response ratio variance were positively and negatively nonlinearly related with both overall and contiguous forest cover, respectively. We reveal for the first time a clear pattern of increasing restoration success and decreasing uncertainty as contiguous forest cover increases. We also indicate preliminary recommended buffer sizes for investigating landscape restoration effects on biodiversity and vegetation structure. However, the coarse grain and variability in the data mean the optimal landscape size may not have been detected; thus, further research is needed. Synthesis and applications. When setting targets for ecological restoration, policymakers and restoration practitioners should account for the following: (i) the landscape context, particularly the amount of contiguous habitat up to 10 km around a disturbed site, and (ii) the uncertainty in restoration success, as it increases when contiguous forest cover falls below about 50%.
Data from: Effects of macrophytes on lake‐water quality across latitudes: a meta‐analysis
Macrophytes are widely recognized for improving water quality and stabilizing the desirable clear‐water state in lakes. The positive effects of macrophytes on water quality have been noted to be weaker in the (sub)tropics compared to those of temperate regions. We conducted a global meta‐analysis using 47 studies that met our set criteria to assess the overall effects of macrophytes on water quality (measured by phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, Secchi depth, and the trophic state index) and to investigate how these effects correlate with latitude using meta‐regressions. We also examined if the effects of macrophytes on lake‐water quality differ with growth form in (sub)tropical and temperate areas by grouping the data and then comparing the effect sizes. We found that macrophytes significantly reduced phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, as well as the trophic state index, but they did not have a significant overall effect on Secchi depth. The effects of macrophytes on reducing phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration, total nitrogen concentration, and the trophic state index did not differ with latitude. However, the reduction of total phosphorus concentration was greater at lower latitudes. We showed that at lower latitudes, the positive effects of macrophytes on water quality are similar to or greater than those at higher latitudes, thus challenging the prevailing paradigm of macrophytes being less effective at enhancing lake‐water quality in the (sub)tropics. Furthermore, our data showed that the macrophyte effects vary by growth forms, and the growth forms that positively affect water quality differ between the (sub)tropical and temperate areas. We showed a lack of significant macrophyte effects in surveys within and outside macrophyte stands, suggesting difference in the sensitivities of study designs or possibly weaker effects of macrophytes in lakes compared to experimental settings.
Data from: Seed dispersal by ungulates as an ecological filter: a trait-based meta-analysis
Plant communities are often dispersal-limited and zoochory can be an efficient mechanism for plants to colonize new patches of potentially suitable habitat. We predicted that seed dispersal by ungulates acts as an ecological filter – which differentially affects individuals according to their characteristics and shapes species assemblages – and that the filter varies according to the dispersal mechanism (endozoochory, fur-epizoochory and hoof-epizoochory). We conducted two-step individual participant data meta-analyses of 52 studies on plant dispersal by ungulates in fragmented landscapes, comparing eight plant traits and two habitat indicators between dispersed and non-dispersed plants. We found that ungulates dispersed at least 44% of the available plant species. Moreover, some plant traits and habitat indicators increased the likelihood for plant of being dispersed. Persistent or nitrophilous plant species from open habitats or bearing dry or elongated diaspores were more likely to be dispersed by ungulates, whatever the dispersal mechanism. In addition, endozoochory was more likely for diaspores bearing elongated appendages whereas epizoochory was more likely for diaspores released relatively high in vegetation. Hoof-epizoochory was more likely for light diaspores without hooked appendages. Fur-epizoochory was more likely for diaspores with appendages, particularly elongated or hooked ones. We thus observed a gradient of filtering effect among the three dispersal mechanisms. Endozoochory had an effect of rather weak intensity (impacting six plant characteristics with variations between ungulate-dispersed and non-dispersed plant species mostly below 25%), whereas hoof-epizoochory had a stronger effect (eight characteristics included five ones with above 75% variation), and fur-epizoochory an even stronger one (nine characteristics included six ones with above 75% variation). Our results demonstrate that seed dispersal by ungulates is an ecological filter whose intensity varies according to the dispersal mechanism considered. Ungulates can thus play a key role in plant community dynamics and have implications for plant spatial distribution patterns at multiple scales.
raw data - Effect of the decompression only compared to decompression with on lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis: A meta-analysis
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for "Rotational grazing and multispecies herbal leys increase productivity in temperate pastoral systems – a meta-analysis"
<p>Supplementary files for systematic review and meta-analysis: "Rotational grazing and multispecies herbal leys increase productivity in temperate pastoral systems – a meta-analysis"</p>
Meta data file for the paper "Characterising the silver particle generator; a pathway towards standardising silver aerosol generation" https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.105978
<p>The attached file contains meta data that were used for the figures shown in the paper "Characterising the silver particle generator; a pathway towards standardising silver aerosol generation" by Tobias Hammer et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2022.105978</p> <p>The new commercial silver particle generator (SPG; an updated version of the prototype that was analyzed in the aforementioned study) will be analyzed in summer 2022</p>
Source data used for meta-analysis
<p>File Name: Supplementary Data1</p> <p>Description: Data from articles published for meta-analysis</p> <p>File Name: Supplementary Data2</p> <p>Description: The sensitivity of rice yield losses to extreme temperatures using linear regression between the yield and intensity of the temperature extreme</p> <p>File Name: Supplementary Data3</p> <p>Description: Results from the meta-analysis investigating the effect of long-term manure amendment on soil fertility</p>
Excel data set for meta-analysis
<p>Data set for Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy-based interventions for maternal perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis</p>
Data and code accompanying: Predator-induced transgenerational plasticity in animals: a meta-analysis.
<p>These data and code were used to generate the publication "Predator-induced transgenerational plasticity in animals: a meta-analysis", accepted in Oecologia (Oct 2022).</p> <p>Contents:</p> <ol> <li>R code file (can be opened as txt) - all code used to generate statistical models and results</li> <li>Datafile - main datafile containing all meta-analysis data, and a metadata sheet explaining each column. See paper and associated supplementary material for more detail.</li> </ol>
Data from: Impacts of organic matter amendments on urban soil carbon and soil quality: A meta-analysis
<p>Organic matter amendment application is an important avenue of beneficial waste diversion and is used to improve soil quality in agricultural and urban settings. In urban regions, amendments are used to support local food production, maintain vegetation for landscaping and recreational use, and reclaim disturbed soils. Urban regions generate large quantities of wasted organic resources for potential application aiding in creating a circular nutrient economy. There is a growing interest in understanding the effects of amendments such as compost, biosolids, and biochar on soil properties in agricultural settings. Gaps remain, however, in assessing their effects in urban land uses. We conducted a literature review to assess the effects of compost, biochar, and biosolids on soil carbon and soil quality of urban soils managed for gardening, landscaping, recreation, and reclamation. Application of organic matter amendments led to an average increase of 3.6 units of soil organic matter% (SOM%). Compost and biochar improved SOM% the most, by 3.1 and 6.5 units of SOM%, respectively. Biosolids resulted in the smallest increase in SOM% but had greater nutrient benefits than other amendments. Parameters related to chemical and physical soil quality improved with the application of amendments. Gaps in the literature remain, such as assessing urban gardens, soil to depths greater than 30 cm, and the persistence of SOM in amended soils. This meta-analysis proposes that organic matter amendments are a powerful means to improve soil quality in urban regions, provide vital cobenefits to surrounding communities, and increase soil carbon storage.</p>
Data of a meta analytical review on instructional strategies used in shared text reading for students with intellectual disability.
<p><span>The data provided was collected in the context of a meta analytical review entitled: “<strong>Effects of Shared Text Reading for Students With Intellectual Disability: A Meta-analytical Review of Instructional Strategies”</strong>conducted by R. Sermier Dessemontet, M. Geyer, A-L. Linder, M. Atzemian, C. Martinet, N. Meuli, C. Audrin, and A-F. de Chambrier, and published in the journal “Educational Research Review”.. The objective of the meta-analytical review was to measure the effect of shared text reading on the listening comprehension skills of students with ID and to identify efficient instructional strategies to teach these students listening comprehension. 22 single-case experimental studies were included in this meta-analysis. Data from each participant in each study was extracted and transformed into percentages of independent correct responses. Effect size estimates were performed based on these percentages.</span></p> <p><span>The shared data contains the following: raw data from each participant used for effect size estimate calculations, a table presenting effect size estimates and moderator-coding for each participant in each study, and the statistical analysis script. A pdf describing meta-data (meta-data_meta-analysis.pdf) is also provided for more information on each available document and describes data. </span></p>
Data from: Pharmacoeconomic study of anti-influenza virus drugs in Japan based on a network meta-analysis
<p><strong>Objectives:</strong> An analysis was conducted in Japan to determine the most cost-effective neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of influenza virus infections from the healthcare payer's standpoint.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study reanalyzed the findings of a previous study that had some limitations (no probabilistic sensitivity analysis, quality of life scores measured by the EQ-5D-3L instead of the EQ-5D-5L, and the use of a decision tree model with only three health conditions) by using data from a network meta-analysis study. A decision tree model with eight health conditions was constructed, and costs were identified as medical costs and drug prices (the 2020 version of the Japanese medical fee index). The effectiveness outcomes were measured using EQ-5D-5L questionnaires for adult patients who had previously experienced influenza virus infections. The time horizon was 14 days. Both deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of the results.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The base-case cost-effectiveness analysis revealed that oseltamivir outperformed laninamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir, making it the most cost-effective neuraminidase inhibitor. The deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed robust results that validated oseltamivir as the most cost-effective among the four neuraminidase inhibitors.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study thus reconfirmed oseltamivir's position as the most cost-effective neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of influenza virus infections in Japan from the standpoint of healthcare payment. These findings can help decision-makers and healthcare providers in Japan, including pharmacists, create and manage formularies.</p>
Electronic structure properties of the SmartNanoTox data set (nanomaterials) for the use of meta models assesing cytotoxicity
<p>Important set of electronic structure properties data on the SmartNanoTox dataset consisting of large molecular systems representing coated materials. The data were used to study lung inflammation within a service offered through EU Horizon 2020 NanoCommons project.</p>
Academic Meta Tool - NAVIS example data (CAA2018)
<p>Academic Meta Tool - navis example data (CAA2018)</p>
Data and results for Cochrane systematic review and network meta-analysis on hepatorenal syndrome
<p>This contains the data and the raw results for the Cochrane systematic review and network meta-analysis on hepatorenal syndrome (https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013103). Please unzip the file and read the instructions before using the data.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.