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205 results for “Middle Devonian”
FIG. 2 in Juvenile eucladid crinoid from the Middle Devonian of Turkey
FIG. 2. — Generalized columnar section of Devonian-Lower Carboniferous units in the study area (modified after Higgins et al. 2002; Hoşgör et al. 2014). For lithological details see text.
FIG. 3 in Juvenile eucladid crinoid from the Middle Devonian of Turkey
FIG. 3. — Photograph of Dendrocrinidae? gen., sp. indeterminate. Specimen coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar: 1.0 mm.
Fig. 6 in Stromatoporoids from a Middle Devonian reef in South China and their palaeoecological implication
Fig. 6. Stromatoporoid Clathrocoilona spissa (Lecompte, 1951), from the Jiwozhai reef, Jiwozhai Member, Dushan Formation, Givetian, Middle Devonian; Dushan, Guizhou, South China. A. NIGP 177048; A1, longitudinal section showing the contemporarily encrusting layers, with black and white rectangles illustrating details; A2, A3, enlargement of A1, note the obvious discrepancy between different areas in the same stromatoporoid: the condensed skeletons of A2 are similar to Clathrocoilona spissa (Lecompte, 1951) and thin laminae of A3 are consistent with Clathrocoilona obliterata (Lecompte, 1951). B. NIGP 177049; B1, longitudinal section, note the intra-specific variations (white arrows) of the lower irregular layers similar to Clathrocoilona crassitexta (Lecompte, 1951) and the upper regular layers identical to Clathrocoilona obliterata (Lecompte, 1951); B2, tangential section.
FIGURE 29. Cheiracanthus latus squamation, light microscope images. 1, 2, QMF60004 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 29. Cheiracanthus latus squamation, light microscope images. 1, 2, QMF60004 from Tynet Burn: 1, midflank scales; 2, caudal peduncle, scale impressions. 3, 4, NMS G.2018.28.26 from Tarrel Bay. 5-7, NMS G.2019.3.7 from Den of Findon, Banffshire 8, NMS G.2019.3.3 from Jessie Port. 9, NMS G.1870.14.145 from Cromarty. 10, NMS G.2019.9.17 from Geanies Point. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm. p, pit. Arrows indicate anterior.
FIGURE 27 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 27. Cheiracanthus latus pectoral region and spines, histology. 1-6, NMS G.2019.3.31 (see Figure 6.6 for map of sections): 1, slice II before grinding (corresponds to sections 6, 7), arrow indicates dorsal direction; 2, NMS G.2019.3.3.7, scapulocoracoid, long section mid-shaft; 3, NMS G.2019.3.3.12, TS pectoral spine at insertion/exertion boundary; 4, NMS G.2019.3.3.10, TS of spine close to insertion; 5, NMS G.2019.3.3.6, close up of leading edge ridge structure of pectoral spine, midspine; 6, NMS G.2019.3.3.2, TS pectoral spine near the tip. 7-10, NMS G.2018.28.26, TS pectoral spines: 7, 2018.28.26.9, close to insertion; 8, 2018.28.26.7, midspine; 9, 10, 2018.28.26.5, towards tip, with closeup of infilling dentine. 11-14, NMS G.2019.3.7 TS pectoral spine, near insertion, and flange of scapulocoracoid: 11, NMS G.2019.3.7.8; 12, NMS G.2019.3.7.9; 13-14, NMS G.2019.3.7.10, outer side of spine with thin sharp ridges. Scale bars equal 10 mm in 1; 0.1 mm in 2, 5, 10; 0.5 mm in 3, 4, 6, 7-9, 11-14. c.cav, central cavity; ccb, calcified cartilage blocks; dt, dentine tubules; en, enameloid; l.pect.fs, left pectoral fin spine; min, stellate mineralisation; ost, osteodenteon; pect.fs, pectoral fin spine; r, ridges; s, scale; sc, scapulocoracoid.
FIGURE 24 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 24. Cheiracanthus latus head and branchial region, morphology. 1-2, NHM PV P 3253 from Tynet Burn. 3, NMS G.1891.92.320 from Gamrie. 4, NHMUK PVP43273 from Tynet Burn, branchial region with ridges visible on lowest branchiostegal plates. Abbreviations: br.l, left branchiostegal plates; br.r, right branchiostegal plates; cop, circumorbital plate; gr, gular rays; Mc.l, left Meckel's cartilage; Mc.r, right Meckel's cartilage; pect.fs, pectoral fin spines; pq.l, mineralised cartilage along ventral edge of left palatoquadrate; proc, procoracoid; sc, scapulocoracoids; tess, head tesserae. Scale bars equal 10 mm.
FIGURE 25 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 25. Cheiracanthus latus head and branchial region, histology, NMS G.2019.3.3; position of sections shown in Figure 6.6. 1, 2, thin section NMS G.2019.3.3.3: 1,?Meckel's cartilage; 2, closeup of calcified cartilage blocks; 3, 4, NMS G.2019.3.3.5, indet. jaw cartilage and branchial arches; 5, NMS G.2019.3.3.2, branchiostegal plate in oblique section, body scales, branchial denticles, indet. cartilage; 6, NMS G.2019.3.3.4, body scales, gill bars; 7, 8, NMS G.2019.3.3.17: 7, jaw cartilage, head tesserae, gill bars, branchiostegal plates; 8, head tessera vertical section, stellate mineralisation artifacts. Scale bars equal 1.0 mm in 1, 3, 5, 7, 0.1 mm in 2, 4, 6, 8. ba, branchial arch; br, branchiostegal plate; ccb, calcified cartilage blocks; d, denticle; gb, gill bar; gcc, globular calcified cartilage; gz, growth zones in crown; s, body scale; t, tessera.
FIGURE 19. Cheiracanthus grandispinus NMS G.2019.9.7 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 19. Cheiracanthus grandispinus NMS G.2019.9.7, serial sections of pectoral (22-15) and pelvic (9-14, 23) spines, thin section drawings, numbered as on map in Figure 6.4.
FIGURE 16 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 16. Cheiracanthus grandispinus head and branchial region, histology. 1-3, NMS G.2019.9.8: 1, 2, NMS G.2019.9.8.8 series of endoskeletal branchial rays, some showing gill raker projections; 3, NMS G.2019.9.8.14 calcified cartilage blocks; 4, NMS G.2019.9.35.1, calcified cartilage of Meckel's cartilage? Scale bars equal 0.1 mm. gb, gill bars; gbp, gill bar projections; gcc, globular calcified cartilage; s, scale.
FIGURE 18. Cheiracanthus grandispinus spines histology. 1-5, NMS G.2019.9.7 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 18. Cheiracanthus grandispinus spines histology. 1-5, NMS G.2019.9.7 from Achanarras: 1-3, NMS G.2019.9.7.21, thin section of distal end of pectoral spine, with closeups of the structure of the leading edge ridge and boundary between the main spine osteodentine and the areas bounding the trailing edge groove; 4, NMS G.2019.9.7.11, TS pelvic spine; 5, NMS G.2019.9.7.12, TS through both pelvic fin spines. 6, 7, NMS G.2019.9.8 from Jessie Port, median spine,?anal: 6, TS NMS G.2019.9.8.8 at proximal end of exserted part; 7, NMS G.2019.9.8.15, towards mid spine. 8-10, NMS G.2019.9.35.1-7 from Achanarras, pectoral spine: 8, 9, NMS G.2019.9.35.2, midspine; 10, NMS G.2019.9.35.3, more distal. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm in 1, 4-8, 10, 0.1 mm in 2, 3, 9. bc, basal cartilage.
FIGURE 15 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 15. Cheiracanthus grandispinus head and branchial region, morphology. 1-2, NMS G.1966.40.24 from Lethen Bar. 3, NMS G. FR1603 from Achanarras Quarry, Caithness. 4, NMS G.2002.26.1481 from Achanarras Quarry. 5, NMS G.1903.130.19 from Achanarras Quarry, dorsoventrally flattened. 6, NHMUK PVP.1363 from Orkney. Scale bars equal 10 mm. addf, adductor muscle fossa; artc, articular cotylus; br, branchiostegal rays; cr.epq, extrapalatoquadrate ridge; gr, gular rays; Mc, Meckel's cartilage; pdbr, posterodorsal branchiostegal rays; pq, palatoquadrate; pqv, palatoquadrate vacuity; pregl, preglenoid process. Anterior to right in 1-3, 6, to left in 4-5.
FIGURE 5. 1 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 5. 1, Site map indicating the most important localities in northern Scotland where Middle Devonian Cheiracanthus specimens have been collected, land in white, current shoreline in blue, alluvial plains in yellow, alluvial fans in ochre; main lake area in blue; 2, biostratigraphic table of Cheiracanthus species occurrences in the Orcadian Basin of northern Scotland. Modified from Burrow et al. (2016, figure 2).
FIGURE 22 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 22. Cheiracanthus grandispinus comparison of scale structure in different sized fish. 1, NMS G.2019.9.5.2, from Achanarras, small fish c. 10 cm long, vertical transverse section through scale anterior. 2, NMS G.2019.9.6.1, from Achanarras, medium sized fish less than 30 cm long, vertical transverse section through scale anterior. 3, NMS G.2019.9.8.12, from Jessie Port, medium sized fish, vertical transverse section through scale anterior. 4, NMS G.2019.9.9.14, from Achanarras, fish 30 cm or longer, vertical transverse section through scale anterior. 5, NMS G.2019.9.9.7, from Achanarras, fish 30 cm or longer, vertical longitudinal section. NMS G.2019.9.35.4, medium sized incomplete fish, vertical section of scale showing Sharpey's fibre bundles through base. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10. Cheiracanthus murchisoni NMS G.2019.3.6 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 10. Cheiracanthus murchisoni NMS G.2019.3.6 from Gamrie, scapula shaft and pectoral spine histology. 1, NMS G.2019.3.6.27, transverse section of scapula shaft. 2-6, transmission microscope images of NMS G.2019.3.6.14, 15, 16, 18, 19; 7, drawings of main histological features in thin sections 19-14, from tip to near the base of the exserted part. Scale bars equal 0.1 mm in 1-3, 0.5 mm in 4-6. co, canal opening; en, enameloid; r, sharp crested lateral ridges.
FIGURE 20. Cheiracanthus grandispinus scale morphology. 1-3, 5-9 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 20. Cheiracanthus grandispinus scale morphology. 1-3, 5-9, light microscope images; 4, 10-18, SEM images; midbody scales unless detailed otherwise. 1, NMS G.1891.92.317 from Lethen Bar. 2, NMS G.2019.9.8 from Jessie Port, Ross and Cromarty. 3, 4, USCP F00115b from Edderton. 5, NMS G.2019.9.9 from Achanarras, primordial scale revealed after abrasion/flaking of overlying crown growth zones. 6-9, NMS G.2019.9.10.1 from Cromarty: 6, mid-body scales; 7-9, pectoral fin web: spine and web; 8, distal scales; 9, scales near fin base. 10-12, NMS G.2019.9.11 from Marwick: 10, view of crown before removal of scale from matrix; 11, anterocrown view; 12, posterior view. 13, NMS G.2019.9.3.27.1 from Gamrie Den of Findon, laterocrown view. 14-18, NMS G.2019.9.13.8 from Cromarty, Eathie to Navity: 14, NMS G.2019.9.13.8.16, anterocrown view; 15, NMS G.2019.9.13.8.2 pair of scales in posterocrown view; 16, NMS G.2019.9.13.8.8, laterocrown view; 17, NMS G.2019.9.13.8.6, lateral view; 18, NMS G.2019.9.13.8.17, posterobasal view. Scale bars equal 0.5 mm in 1-9, 0.2 mm in 10-18. p, neck protuberance; ps, primordial scale. Arrows indicate anterior.
FIGURE 7. Cheiracanthus murchisoni head and branchial region morphology. 1, 2, NMS G.1884.60.3 from Tynet Burn. 3, NMS G.2019.9.24 from Cruaday Quarry, Orkney. 4, NRM P1651 from Gamrie, sclerotic ring. 5, NRM P1654 from Tynet Burn, sclerotic ring. 6, NMS G.2000.65.2 from Tynet Burn. 7, NMS G.2019.14.2 from Tynet Burn. 8, 9, NRM P1560 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 7. Cheiracanthus murchisoni head and branchial region morphology. 1, 2, NMS G.1884.60.3 from Tynet Burn. 3, NMS G.2019.9.24 from Cruaday Quarry, Orkney. 4, NRM P1651 from Gamrie, sclerotic ring. 5, NRM P1654 from Tynet Burn, sclerotic ring. 6, NMS G.2000.65.2 from Tynet Burn. 7, NMS G.2019.14.2 from Tynet Burn. 8, 9, NRM P1560 from Gamrie: 8, detail of branchiostegal rays; 9, impression of spiracular valve. Scale bars equal 10 mm in 1, 3, 6, 7; 5 mm in 4, 5; 2 mm in 8, 9. addf adductor muscle fossa; artc, articular cotylus; br, branchiostegal rays; ch, ceratohyal; gr, gular rays; Mc, Meckel's cartilage; pdbr, posterodorsal branchiostegal rays; pq, palatoquadrate; pqv, palatoquadrate vacuity; pregl, preglenoid process; scl, sclerotic plate; t-l, tooth-like elements. Arrows indicate anterior.
FIGURE 3 in A redescription of the three longest-known species of the acanthodian Cheiracanthus from the Middle Devonian of Scotland
FIGURE 3. Cheiracanthus grandispinus holotype SM H4423 from Orkney. 1, mirrored illustration of specimen and scales from M'Coy (1855, plate 2.B, figure 1); 2, specimen in present condition. Scale bar equals 20 mm.
FIG. 5 in Middle Devonian Calceola sandalina (Linnaeus, 1771) (Anthozoa, Rugosa) from Moravia (Czech Republic): aspects of functional morphology, gerontic growth patterns, and epibionts
FIG. 5. — Calceola sandalina (Linnaeus, 1771), coll. F. Ficner, Čelechovice, all specimens are whitened with ammonium chloride prior the photographing; A-D, specimen 1/1 (1RL), RL, well developed specimen with somewhat closing (senile) calice; A, "dorsal" side; B, "ventral" flat counter side; C, calicinal view; D, lateral view with convex "ventral" counter and concave "dorsal" cardinal sides; E-H, specimen 9/15 (15SL), SL, rejuvenated adult specimen; E, "dorsal" view; F, "ventral" view; G, calicinal view; H, lateral view; I, specimen 12SL, SL, adult operculum; J-M, specimen 10/18 (18SL), SL, injured specimen; J, "dorsal" view with damaged but healed septa and counter side of the calice; K, "ventral" view unhealed conical traces; L, calicinal view; M, lateral view; N, O, specimen 19/24 (24), unknown locality in Čelechovice, juvenile specimen; N, "dorsal" view; O, "ventral" view; P-S, specimen 20/28 (28SL), SL, juvenile specimen; P, "dorsal" view; Q, "ventral" view; R, lateral view with straight "ventral" side; S, calicinal view; T, specimen 16/20 (20), unknown locality in Čelechovice, young adult specimen, "dorsal" view; U, specimen 27, unknown locality in Čelechovice, juvenile(?) operculum; V, W, specimen 26, unknown locality in Čelechovice, juvenile(?) operculum; V, inner side; W, outer side; X, specimen 25, unknown locality in Čelechovice, adult operculum, view from the hinge line; Y, specimen 6/2 (2RL), RL, senile specimen with closing calice, "ventral" view. Abbreviations: RL, Růžičkův lom Quarry; SL, Státní lom Quarry. Photos by Mrs. Hana Vršt'alová (Central Geological Survey, Prague). Scale bars: 10 mm.
Figure 6. Barwickia downunda a and b in The postcranial anatomy of two Middle Devonian lungfishes (Osteichthyes, Dipnoi) from Mt. Howitt, Victoria, Australia
Figure 6. Barwickia downunda a and b, AM F98074 body flattened showing postcranial skeleton and head: a, dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, MV P181784, showing details of tail and fins; d, MV P181784, photograph of tail and fins; e, MV P198044, internal support bones for first and second dorsal fins.
Figure 3 in The postcranial anatomy of two Middle Devonian lungfishes (Osteichthyes, Dipnoi) from Mt. Howitt, Victoria, Australia
Figure 3. Shoulder girdle: a, Barwickia downunda cleithrum and clavicle, MV P181890; b, Barwickia downunda with anterior ribs and neural spines, MV P198046; c, Howidipterus donnae exoskeletal shoulder girdle, MV P 181883; and d, also showing anocleithrum, MV P181792.
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