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5,448 results for “Neuron”
Data from: Physical, chemical, and functional properties of neuronal membranes vary between species of Antarctic notothenioids differing in thermal tolerance
Disruption of neuronal function is likely to influence limits to thermal tolerance. We hypothesized that with acute warming the structure and function of neuronal membranes in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Chaenocephalus aceratus are more vulnerable to perturbation than membranes in the more thermotolerant notothenioid Notothenia coriiceps. Fluidity was quantified in synaptic membranes, mitochondrial membranes, and myelin from brains of both species of Antarctic fishes. Polar lipid compositions and cholesterol contents were analyzed in myelin; cholesterol was measured in synaptic membranes. Thermal profiles were determined for activities of two membrane-associated proteins, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), from brains of animals maintained at ambient temperature or exposed to their critical thermal maxima (CTMAX). Synaptic membranes of C. aceratus were consistently more fluid than those of N. coriiceps (P < 0.0001). Although the fluidities of both myelin and mitochondrial membranes were similar among species, sensitivity of myelin fluidity to in vitro warming was greater in N. coriiceps than in C. aceratus (P < 0.001), which can be explained by lower cholesterol contents in myelin of N. coriiceps (P < 0.05). Activities of both enzymes, AChE and NKA, declined upon CTMAX exposure in C. aceratus, but not in N. coriiceps. We suggest that hyper-fluidization of synaptic membranes with warming in C. aceratus may explain the greater stenothermy in this species, and that thermal limits in notothenioids are more likely to be influenced by perturbations in synaptic membranes than in other membranes of the nervous system.
Data from: Spatiotemporally precise optogenetic activation of sensory neurons in freely walking Drosophila
<p>Previous work has characterized how walking <i>Drosophila</i> coordinate the movements of individual limbs (DeAngelis, Zavatone-Veth, and Clark, 2019). To understand the circuit basis of this coordination, one must characterize how sensory feedback from each limb affects walking behavior. However, it has remained difficult to manipulate neural activity in individual limbs of freely moving animals. Here, we demonstrate a simple method for optogenetic stimulation with body side-, body segment-, and limb-specificity that does not require real-time tracking. Instead, we activate at random, precise locations in time and space and use post hoc analysis to determine behavioral responses to specific activations. Using this method, we have characterized limb coordination and walking behavior in response to transient activation of mechanosensitive bristle neurons and sweet-sensing chemoreceptor neurons. Our findings reveal that activating these neurons has opposite effects on turning, and that activations in different limbs and body regions produce distinct behaviors.</p>
Multielectrode array recordings of spontaneous activity in developing neuronal cultures
<p>These data are to accompany the following paper:</p> <p>Charlesworth P, Morton A, Eglen SJ, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN (2015) Canalization of genetic and pharmacological perturbations in developing primary neuronal activity patterns. Neuropharmacology</p> <p>Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.027.</p> <p> </p> <p>For further details about the data, please see h<span>ttp://damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/sje30/papers/charlesworth2015_data.pdf</span></p>
Action potential dependent sIPSCs from juvenile (P21-30) C57BL/6J male mice from CA1 pyramidal neurons receiving input from PV+ interneurons
<p>species : Mus musculus</p> <p>sex : male</p> <p>strain : C57BL/6J</p> <p>age : post-natal day 21-30</p> <p>Voltage-clamp recordings of GABAA spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) were obtained from juvenile (P21-30) C57BL/6J male mice and recorded from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons receiving input from parvalbumin positive (PV+) interneurons. The dataset contains 614 individual events recorded from 3 different neurons (expC1-C3).</p>
Action potential dependent sIPSCs from juvenile (P21-30) C57BL/6J male mice CA1 pyramidal neurons receiving input from PV+ and CCK+ interneurons
<p>species : Mus musculus</p> <p>sex : male</p> <p>strain : C57BL/6J</p> <p>age : post-natal day 21-30</p> <p>Voltage-clamp recordings of GABAA spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents (sIPSCs) were obtained from juvenile (P21-30) C57BL/6J male mice and recorded from hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons receiving input from parvalbumin positive and cholecystokinin positive (CCK+) interneurons. The dataset contains 2130 individual events recorded from 3 different neurons (expD1-D3).</p>
Dense skeleton reconstructions of neurons in the larval zebrafish olfactory bulb
<p>Large-scale reconstructions of neuronal populations are critical for structural analyses of neuronal cell types and circuits. Dense reconstructions of neurons from image data require ultrastructural resolution throughout large volumes, which can be achieved by automated volumetric electron microscopy (EM) techniques. We used serial block face scanning EM (SBEM) and conductive sample embedding to acquire an image stack from an olfactory bulb (OB) of a zebrafish larva at a voxel resolution of 9.25 × 9.25 × 25 nm<sup>3</sup> (Wanner et al., 2016). Skeletons of 1,022 neurons, ~98% of all neurons in the OB, were reconstructed by manual tracing and efficient error correction procedures. An ergonomic software package, PyKNOSSOS, was created in Python for data browsing, neuron tracing, synapse annotation, and visualization. PyKNOSSOS is available for free download (https://github.com/adwanner/PyKNOSSOS). The reconstructions as provided for download here allow for detailed analyses of morphology, projections and subcellular features of different neuron types. The high density of reconstructions enables geometrical and topological analyses of the OB circuitry. Image data can be accessed and viewed through the neurodata web services (http://www.neurodata.io/wanner16). Raw data and reconstructions can be visualized in PyKNOSSOS.</p> <p> </p> <p>PyKNOSSOS: https://github.com/adwanner/PyKNOSSOS</p> <p>Wanner AA, Genoud C, Masudi T, Siksou L, Friedrich RW (2016) Dense EM-based reconstruction of the interglomerular projectome in the zebrafish olfactory bulb. Nat Neurosci 19:816-825.<br /> http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v19/n6/full/nn.4290.html</p>
OGD triggered Zn2+ rises and Ca2+ deregulation events in CA1 and CA3 hippocampal pyramidal neurons of MT-III and ZnT3 knockout mice.
<p>The posted data provide the control characterization of the oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) triggered occurrences of cytosolic Zn<sup>2+</sup> rises and terminal Ca<sup>2+</sup> deregulation events in individual CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons in acute hippocampal slices of the MT-III knockout mice ( <strong>004649 - 129S7-Mt3<sup>tm1Rpa</sup>/J</strong>, Jackson Laboratory) and ZnT3 knockout mice ( <strong>005064 -</strong> <strong>B6;129-Slc30a3<sup>tm1Rpa</sup>/J</strong>, Jackson Laboratory).</p>
Data files related to the article "Different meditation practices share the same neuronal correlates: increased gamma brainwave amplitude compared to control in three different meditation traditions
<p>Files description:</p> <p>- EEG datasets: the EEG data preprocessed in EEGLAB format</p> <p>- chanlocs.mat: contains channel characteristics for the study / used<br> to plot topographical maps of the data</p> <p> - 60110Hz_spec_data_imw_medit_combined.mat : contains spectrum data between 60 and 110 Hz for all 4 groups of subjects in combined instructed mind-wandering and meditation condition</p> <p> - 60110Hz_spec_data_medit.mat : contains spectrum data between 60<br> and 110 Hz for all 4 groups of subjects in meditation condition</p> <p> - 711Hz_spec_data_medit: contains spectrum data between 7 and 11 Hz for each group in meditation condition</p> <p>- boxplot_gamma.csv and boxplot_alpha.csv : median spectrum in the gamma and alpha ranged used to generate figure 4 B and 6 B</p> <p>- R_code_boxplot.r : code to generate boxplot using boxplot_gamma or boxplot_alpha.csv files</p>
Data for Chronic hyperactivation of midbrain dopamine neurons causes preferential dopamine neuron degeneration
<p>Raw Data for publication titled Chronic hyperactivation of midbrain dopamine neurons causes preferential dopamine neuron degeneration.</p>
Cortical somatostatin long-range projection neurons and interneurons exhibit divergent developmental trajectories
<p>Spatial transcriptomic data with 94 gene panels on P5 mouse neocortex. Files here include raw tiff files, results/spot counts, DAPI files for ROI segmentation, ROI segmented, final measurement with annotated region and counts. </p>
Co-occurring ripple oscillations facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations in humans
<h3>Contact:</h3><h3>Ilya Verzhbinsky</h3><h3>ilya@health.ucsd.edu</h3><p> </p><p>This is the processed data used to generate the results in the manuscript:</p><p>Co-occurring ripple oscillations facilitate neuronal interactions between cortical locations in humans. <i>PNAS</i> (2023).</p><p>To analyze this data, please first access the code at the following repository: <a href="https://github.com/iverzh/coripple-prediction"><strong>https://github.com/iverzh/coripple-prediction</strong></a></p><p>All downloaded zip files should be uncompressed and placed in a directory named <i>out/ </i>in the <i>CoRipplePredictionPNAS/</i> folder.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Interspecies chimerism with human embryonic stem cells generates functional human dopamine neurons at low efficiency
<p>Interspecies chimeras offer great potential for regenerative medicine and creation of human disease models. Whether human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) derived neurons in an interspecies chimera can differentiate into functional neurons and integrate into host neural circuity is not known. Here we show, using Engrailed 1 (En1) as a development niche that human naïve-like ES cells can incorporate into embryonic and adult mouse brains. Human-derived neurons including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons integrate into the mouse brain at low efficiency. These TH-positive neurons have electrophysiologic properties consistent with their human origin. Additionally, these human-derived neurons in the mouse brain accumulate pathologic phosphorylated α-synuclein in response to α-synuclein preformed fibrils. Optimization of human/mouse chimeras could be utilized to study human neuronal differentiation and human brain disorders.</p>
Neurons in the caudal ventral lateral medulla mediate descending pain control
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Supraspinal brain regions modify nociceptive signals in response to various stressors including stimuli which elevate pain thresholds. The medulla oblongata has previously been implicated in this type of pain control, but the neurons and molecular circuits involved have remained elusive. Here we identify catecholaminergic neurons in the caudal ventrolateral medulla that are activated by noxious stimuli in mice. Upon activation, these neurons produce bilateral feed-forward inhibition that attenuates nociceptive responses through a pathway involving the locus coeruleus and noradrenalin in the spinal cord. This pathway is sufficient to attenuate injury-induced heat allodynia and is required for counter-stimulus induced analgesia to noxious heat. Our findings define a component of the pain modulatory system that regulates nociceptive responses.</span></p>
DSM: Deep Sequential Model for Complete Neuronal Morphology Representation and Feature Extraction
<p>This is an open-source repository for hosting codes and data files from research, "DSM: Deep Sequential Model for Complete Neuronal Morphology Representation and Feature Extraction". We also provided a web service based on our methods, please go to http://114.117.165.134:8501/.</p><p>(1)raw_dataset.zip: </p><ol><li>1,282 neuron reconstructions from SEU-Allen dataset;</li><li>1,002 neuron reconstructions from Janelia dataset;</li><li>1,100 neuron reconstructions from ION dataset.</li></ol><p>(2)Supplementary.zip: Supplementary information, including tables and figures;</p><p>(3)DSM-tools.zip: A python package for converting neuron morphology into sequences and implementing DSM models.</p><ol><li>NeuronSequenceDataset class: to transform SWC files to sequence dataframes by binary tree traversals, and prepare for the input of DSM networks.</li><li>DSMDataConverter class: a helper to convert the sequence dataframes for classification and clustering.</li><li>DSMHierarchicalAttentionNetwork class: classification model, giving a pre-trained DSM-HAN model by default.</li><li>DSMAutoencoder class: clustering model, giving a pre-trained DSM-AE model by default.</li></ol><p>(4)neuron2seq_for_developer.zip: A repository for further development of the models, including source codes and all data files.</p>
Regulation of stress-induced sleep fragmentation by preoptic glutamatergic neurons
<p>Paper source data and original code. Please use The Script Information.txt file for information on which scripts were used to generate which figures.</p>
Failure to mate enhances investment in behaviors that may promote mating reward and impairs the ability to cope with stressors via a subpopulation of Neuropeptide F receptor neurons
<p><span>Living in dynamic environments such as the social domain, where interaction with others determines the reproductive success of individuals, requires the ability to recognize opportunities to obtain natural rewards and cope with challenges that are associated with achieving them. As such, actions that promote survival and reproduction are reinforced by the brain reward system, whereas coping with the challenges associated with obtaining these rewards is mediated by stress-response pathways, the activation of which can impair health and shorten lifespan. While much research has been devoted to understanding mechanisms underlying the way by which natural rewards are processed by the reward system, less attention has been given to the consequences of failure to obtain a desirable reward. As a model system to study the impact of failure to obtain a natural reward, we used the well-established courtship suppression paradigm in <em>Drosophila</em> <em>melanogaster</em> as means to induce repeated failures to obtain sexual reward in male flies. We discovered that beyond the known reduction in courtship actions caused by interaction with non-receptive females, repeated failures to mate induce a stress response characterized by persistent motivation to obtain the sexual reward, reduced male-male social interaction, and enhanced aggression. This frustrative-like state caused by the conflict between high motivation to obtain sexual reward and the inability to fulfill their mating drive impairs the capacity of rejected males to tolerate stressors such as starvation and oxidative stress. We further show that sensitivity to starvation and enhanced social arousal is mediated by the disinhibition of a small population of neurons that express receptors for the fly homologue of<em> neuropeptide Y</em>. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of social stress in flies and offers a framework to study mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between reward, stress, and reproduction in a simple nervous system that is highly amenable to genetic manipulation.</span></p>
Data for "Synapses without Tension Fail to Fire in an In Vitro Network of Hippocampal Neurons."
<p>Neurons in the brain communicate with each other at their synapses. It has long been understood that this communication occurs through biochemical processes. Here, we reveal a previously unrecognized paradigm wherein mechanical tension in neurons is essential for communication. Using <em>in vitro</em> rat hippocampal neurons, we find that (1) neurons become tout/tensed after forming synapses resulting in a contractile neural network, and (2) without this contractility, neurons fail to fire. To measure time evolution of network contractility in 3D (<em>not</em> 2D) extracellular matrix, we developed an ultra-sensitive force sensor with 1 nN resolution. We employed Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) and iGluSnFR, a glutamate sensor, to quantify neuronal firing at the network and at the single synapse scale, respectively. When neuron contractility is relaxed, both techniques show significantly reduced firing. Firing resumes when contractility is restored. This discovery highlights the essential contribution of neural contractility in fundamental brain functions and has implications for our understanding of neuronal physiology.</p>
Data from: Blood pressure pulsations modulate central neuronal activity via mechanosensitive ion channels
<p><span>The transmission of heartbeat through the cerebral vascular system is known to cause intracranial pressure pulsations. Here we report that arterial pressure pulsations can directly modulate central neuronal activity. </span><span>In a semi-intact rat brain preparation, vascular pressure pulsations elicit correlated local field oscillations in the olfactory bulb (OB) mitral cell layer. These oscillations do not require synaptic transmission, but reflect baroreceptive transduction in mitral cells. This transduction is mediated by an excitatory mechanosensitive ion channel and modulates neuronal spiking activity. Indeed, in awake animals, the heartbeat entrains the activity of a subset of OB neurons within ~20 ms. Thus, we propose that this fast intrinsic interoceptive mechanism can modulate perception, e.g. during arousal, within the OB and also possibly across various brain areas.</span></p>
Dissociable neuronal substrates of feature attention and working memory
<p>Attention and working memory (WM) are distinct cognitive functions, yet given their close interactions, it is often assumed that they share the same neuronal mechanisms. We show that in macaques performing a WM-guided feature attention task, the activity of most neurons in areas middle temporal (MT), medial superior temporal (MST), lateral intraparietal (LIP), and posterior lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC-p) displays attentional modulation or WM coding, not both. One area thought to play a role in both functions is LPFC-p. To test this, we optogenetically inactivated LPFC-p bilaterally during different task periods. Attention period inactivation reduced attentional modulation in LPFC-p, MST, and LIP neurons, and impaired task performance. In contrast, WM period inactivation did not affect attentional modulation or performance and minimally affected WM coding. Our results suggest that feature attention and WM have dissociable neuronal substrates and that LPFC-p plays a critical role in feature attention but not in WM.</p>
Chemo- and optogenetic activation of hypothalamic Foxb1-expressing neurons and their terminal endings in the rostral-dorsolateral PAG leads to tachypnea, bradycardia, and immobility
<p>Foxb1-expressing neurons occur in the dorsal premammillary nucleus (PMd) and further rostrally in the parvafox nucleus, a longitudinal cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus of rodents. The descending projection of these Foxb1+ neurons end in the dorsolateral part of the periaqueductal gray (dlPAG). The functional role of the Foxb1+ neuronal subpopulation in the PMd and the parvafox nucleus remains elusive. In this study, the activity of the Foxb1+ neurons and of their terminal endings in the dlPAG was selectively altered by employing chemo- and optogenetic tools. Our results show that in whole-body barometric plethysmography, hM3Dq-mediated, global Foxb1+ neuron excitation activates respiration. Time-resolved optogenetic gain-of-function manipulation of the terminal endings of Foxb1+ neurons in the rostral third of the dlPAG leads to abrupt immobility and bradycardia. Chemogenetic activation of Foxb1+ cell bodies and ChR2-mediated excitation of their axonal endings in the dlPAG led to a phenotypical presentation congruent with a "freezing-like" situation during innate defensive behavior. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. This work was supported by the Swiss National Foundation grant 31003A_160325 to Marco R. Celio.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.