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Figures 136–140. Tidarren konrad n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America

Figures 136–140. Tidarren konrad n. sp., from Yemen, Hammam 'Ali. Female epigynum/vulva in frontal (136), ventral (137, 138), aboral (139), and lateral view (140). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 109, 110. Tidarren dentigerum n in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America

Figures 109, 110. Tidarren dentigerum n. sp., different specimens from Yemen, Ta'izz. Left male palp, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figures 56–61 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America

Figures 56–61. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen, Hammam 'Ali (56, 57, 60), Khamis Bani Sa'd (61), and from Tibesti (58, 59). Female epigynum/vulva in lateral (56, 58), ventral (57, 59, 61), and aboral view (60). Scale bar: 0.1 mm.

Figure 72 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America

Figure 72. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. Male palp with expanded horn-shaped haematodochae which keep palp fastened to epigynum. Basal haematodocha (posterior horn) pressed against the female's venter, median one (anterior horn) towards her epigaster.

Figures 73, 74 in The one-palped spider genera Tidarren and Echinotheridion in the Old World (Araneae, Theridiidae), with comparative remarks on Tidarren from America

Figures 73, 74. Tidarren argo Knoflach and van Harten from Yemen. (73) Female guarding egg-sac. (74) Further egg-sacs are attached at intervals of about 2 weeks and guarded. Upper one already hatched, right with first instars emerged from the eggs, left with eggs just deposited.

Figs 140-149 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 140-149: male and female of Podalonia yunnana (Li & Yang 1992: 85): (140) clypeus of male; (141) gonostyle lateral; (142) penis valve lateral; (143) volsella; (144) clypeus of female; (145) forewing of male; (146) foretarsomere of female; (147) forewing of female; (148) flagellomeres I – III of male; (149) flagellomeres I – III of male.

Figs 130-135 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 130-135: male of Podalonia parvula (Li & Yang 1992:88): (130) clypeus frontal; (131) flagellomers I. II; (132) penis valve lateral; (133) marginal cell of forewing; (134) volsella; (135) gonostyle.

Figs 120-123 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 120-123: clypeus of males in frontal view. Fig 124: male of P. dispar: volsella in ventral view.

Figs 9-22 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 9-22: (9) P. kozlovii foretarsomeres of female; (10) P. moczari foretarsomeres of female; (11) P. moczari marginal cell of forewing; (12) P. moczari clypeus of female; (Tsuneki 1971). (13) P. atrocyanea flagellomeres I, II of female; (14) P. chalybea flagellomeres I, II of female; (15) P. schmiedeknechti head of female; (16) P. hirsuta head of female; (17) P. schmiedeknechti foretarsomeres of female; (18) P. hirsuta foretarsomeres of female; (19) P. luffii foretarsomeres of female; (20) P. mauritanica foretarsomeres of female; (21) P. pungens marginal cell of forewing; (22) P. harveyi head of female in dorsal view.

Figs 125-129 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 125-129: female of Podalonia kansuana (Li & Yang 1992:87): (125) clypeus frontal; (126) pronotum lateral; (127) marginal cell of forewing; (128) flagellomere I, II; (129) foretarsomeres.

Figs 1-8 in A Key to Wasps of the Genus Podalonia FERNALD 1927 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Sphecidae) of the Old World

Figs 1-8: (1) Podalonia sternum I (petiole) lateral and ventral; (2) Ammophila sternum I lateral and ventral; (3) Parapsammophila petiole socket; (4) Eremochares petiole socket; (5) Parapsammophila foretarsomere I of female; (6) Hoplammophila foretarsomere I of female; (7) Hoplammophila male genitalia; (8) Podalonia affinis claw; (Bohart & Menke 1976).

Figs 34–43. 34–36 in Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Figs 34–43. 34–36 – Macrosiagon inferna (Schaufuss, 1872) (34–35 – holotype and labels of Emenadia inferna Schaufuss, 1872; 36 – Macrosiagon longipes Pic, 1929, syntype). 37–38 – Macrosiagon lyauteyi Alluaud, 1902, female from Ihosy. 39–40 – Macrosiagon marcelli Alluaud, 1902 (39 – female from Zimbabwe; 40 – female from Zambia, Serenje, head frontally). 41–43 – Macrosiagon trinotata Pic, 1950 (41 – holotype; 42 – female from Kenya, Tsavo, head frontally; 43 – male from Republic of South Africa, Transwaal).

Figs 8–15. 8–11 in Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Figs 8–15. 8–11 – Macrosiagon bequaerti Pic, 1913. (8 – male from Zambia; 9 – male from Guinea; 10–11 – holotype with labels). 12 – Macrosiagon cf. bequaerti Pic, 1913, India. 13–15 – Macrosiagon biguttata (Blanchard, 1846) (13 – syntype label; 14 – male, Australia, Cairns; 15 – female, Australia, Cairns).

Figs 16–24. 16–17 in Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Figs 16–24. 16–17 – Ripiphorus dubius, syntypes (syn. of Macrosiagon bimaculata (Fabricius, 1787), photos by Aleksey Gusakov 2008). 18 – Pic's handwritten label with differential diagnosis to Macrosiagon natalense Pic, 1950 (Verbatim: 'diffère de caffrum / par les élytres sans / macule discale / noire le thorax / á bordure rouge / postèrieuere'). 19–24 – Macrosiagon caffra (Fåhraeus, 1870) (19–21 – female syntype with labels; 22–24 – male syntype with labels).

Figs 25–33. 25–27 in Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Figs 25–33. 25–27 – Macrosiagon callewaerti Pic, 1950; holotype. (25 – habitus dorsally; 26 – head frontally; 27 – metatarsomeres dorsally). 28–30 – Macrosiagon grombczewskii (Semenov, 1891), holotype (photos M. Engel 2010). 31–33 – Macrosiagon humeralis Pic, 1929. (31 – syntype; 32–33 – male from Tanzania, head frontally and metatarsomeres dorsally).

Figs 1–7. 1–2 in Contribution to the synonymies, distributions, and bionomics of the Old World species of Macrosiagon (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae)

Figs 1–7. 1–2 – Macrosiagon armata (Waterhouse, 1883), lectotype. 3–7 – M. axillaris (Gerstaecker, 1855) (3–5 – M. axillaris, syntype and labels; 6 – M. maculaticeps Pic, 1913, holotype; 7 – M. elongata Pic, 1950, holotype).

Figs. 23, 24 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 23, 24. Macrophotographs of cleared specimen of Stelis murina. 23. Spiracle, seen from inside body, showing spines on atrial wall and subparallel-sided subatrium. 24. Pleural swelling of abdominal segment 8 (identified by polygon), showing abundant setae and position of spiracle.

Figs. 13–15 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 13–15. Macrophotographs of head of Stelis murina, showing pattern and configuration of pigmentation, frontal (13), lateral (14), and ventral (15) views.

Fig. 1 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Fig. 1. Map showing the position of study sites 1 and 2 (Tel el-Kebir) and sites 3 and 4 (El- Huseiniya) in the vicinity of the Nile River Delta, northern Egypt.

Figs. 9–12 in Last Larval Instar and Mature Oocytes of the Old World Cleptoparasitic Bee Stelis murina, Including a Review of Stelis Biology (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Megachilinae: Anthidiini)

Figs. 9–12. Diagrams of mature larva of Stelis murina. 9. Entire larva with setae omitted, lateral view; scale line 5 1.0 mm. 10, 11. Right mandible showing little wear, dorsal view and outer view (latter view with apex in maximum profile), respectively. 12. Right mandible of another larva showing excessive wear, so that dorsal tooth completely absent and lower tooth greatly rounded, outer view. All mandibles to same scale. Scale line 5 1.0 mm refers to fig. 9.