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FIG. 15. — A-H, Pseudostictoporella simplex n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 15. — A-H, Pseudostictoporella simplex n. sp.: A-E, branch tangential section showing autozooecial chambers and apertures, holotype CEGH-UNC 27508 a; F, branch longitudinal thin section autozooecial chambers, paratype CEGH-UNC 27533 a; G, H, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers and mesotheca without rods, paratype CEGH-UNC 27533 d. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, C, 0.5 mm; D-H, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 17. — A-E in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 17. — A-E, Parachasmatopora sp. A: A-C, tangential section showing branches with autozooecial apertures and chambers, CEGH-UNC 27526 a; D, branch transverse section showing autozooecial chambers and laminated skeleton, CEGH-UNC 27545 a; E, branch longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and laminated skeleton, CEGH-UNC 27545 b. Scale bars: A, D, E, 0.5 mm; B, C, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 13. — A-F, Nicholsonella spinigera n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 13. — A-F, Nicholsonella spinigera n. sp.: A, B, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, holotype CEGH- UNC 27528 c; C, longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms, holotype CEGH-UNC 27528 b; D, E, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and mesozooecia, paratype CEGH-UNC 27538 a; F, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers and acanthostyles in endozone, paratype CEGH-UNC 27538 a; G-I. Arthroclema sp. A: G, H, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers, CEGH-UNC 27520 d; I, branch oblique thin section, CEGH-UNC 27529 b. Scale bars: A, E, I, 0.5 mm; B, C, F, G, 0.2 mm; D, 1 mm; H, 0.1 mm.

FIG. 14. — A-C in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 14. — A-C, Arthroclema sp. A: A, branch oblique thin section,CEGH-UNC 27530 e; B, C, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures and paurostyles, CEGH-UNC 27529 b; D-H, Trigonodictya elegans (Ulrich, 1893): D, E, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, CEGH-UNC 27530 c; F-H, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers and mesotheca with rods, CEGH-UNC 27542 b. Scale bars: A, B, E, G, 0.5 mm; C, H, 0.2 mm; D, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 18 in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 18. — Cluster diagram (A) and principal coordinate analysis (B) showing similarities between bryozoan faunas (genus level) of different areas during the Sandbian (updated data matrix from Buttler et al. 2013). The cluster analysis has been performed measuring the Jaccard similarity coefficient, using the Unweighted Pair Group Algorithm with Arithmetic Mean (PAST version 1.81, Hammer et al. 2001). The principal coordinate analysis was performed using Jaccard's coefficient for measurement of similarities, the minimal spanning tree is based on an Euclidean distance measure of the original data points. Abbreviations: Lpo, La Pola Formation; LA, Las Aguaditas Formation; LPL, Las Plantas Formation; NA, North America; Bal, Baltica; Bel, Belarus; Sib, Siberia.

FIG. 11. — A in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 11. — A, Tarphophragma macrostoma (Loeblich, 1942), branch transverse thin section, CEGH-UNC 27539 a; B-E, Jordanopora heroensis Ross, 1963: B, C, oblique thin section trough the colony showing autozooecial chambers, CEGH-UNC 27530 f; D, E, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, rare mesozooecia, and tubules in autozooecial walls, CEGH-UNC 27530 e; F, G, Argentinopora robusta n. gen., n. sp., holotype 27511 c, longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles. Scale bars: A, B, F, G, 1 mm; C, D, 0.5 mm; E, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 12. — A-F. Argentinopora robusta n. gen., n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 12. — A-F. Argentinopora robusta n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with a cystiphragm, mesozooecia, acanthostyles, holotype CEGH-UNC 27511 a; C, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, holotype CEGH-UNC 27511 d; D, branch transverse section, paratype CEGH-UNC 27514 b; E, F, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, paratype CEGH-UNC 27514 c; G, H, Nicholsonella spinigera n. sp., branch longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms, holotype CEGH-UNC 27528 c. Scale bars: A, D, G, 1 mm; B, F, 0.2 mm; C, E, H, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 10. — A-D in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 10. — A-D, Diplotrypa sp. A, CEGH-UNC 27543 a: A, B, longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and mesozooecia; C, D, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures and mesozooecia; E-G, Tarphophragma macrostoma (Loeblich, 1942), CEGH-UNC 27520 d: E, oblique section through the colony; F, longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers and mesozooecia; G, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures and mesozooecia. Scale bars: A, E, 1 mm; B, C, F, G, 0.5 mm; D, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 9. — A-F, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 9. — A-F, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n. sp.: A, B, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and aktinotostyles, holotype CEGH-UNC 27538 c; C, D, longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and mesozooecia, paratype CEGH-UNC 27530 a; E, F, branch transverse thin section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms, mesozooecia, and mesotheca, paratype CEGH-UNC 27541 a; G, Diplotrypa sp. A, CEGH-UNC 27543 a, oblique thin section through the colony. Scale bars: A, C, E, 0.5 mm; B, D, 0.2 mm; F, 0.1 mm; G, 2 mm.

FIG. 1 in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 1. — Geologic map of the study area showing the location of the La Pola creek and the fossiliferous locality in the Villicum range, San Juan Province, Argentina.

FIG. 5. — A-E, Xenotrypa argentinensis n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 5. — A-E, Xenotrypa argentinensis n. sp.: A, longitudinal thin section, showing autozooecia with diaphragms and vesicles, holotype CEGH-UNC 27523 b; B, C, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles, and vesicles, holotype CEGH-UNC 27523 a; D, E, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, acanthostyles, and vesicles, paratype CEGH-UNC 27521 a; F, G, Dianulites rocklandensis Wilson, 1921, longitudinal thin section, CEGH- UNC 27503 c. Scale bars: A, B, E, G, 0.5 mm; C, 0.2 mm; D, F, 1 mm.

FIG. 7. — A-C in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 7. — A-C, Homotrypa subramosa Ulrich, 1886, CEGH-UNC 27537 b: A, B, longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with cystiphragms; C, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles; D-I, Homotrypa vacua McKinney, 1971: D, E, branch longitudinal thin section showing autozooecial chambers with cystiphragms, CEGH-UNC 27545 a; G, H, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, CEGH-UNC 27545 a; I, branch transverse section, CEGH-UNC 27507 b. Scale bars: A, D, E, G, I, 1 mm; B, C, F, H, 0.5 mm.

FIG. 4. — A-E in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 4. — A-E, Lunaferamita virginiensis Utgaard, 1981: A, longitudinal thin section of a colony, CEGH-UNC 27524 a; B, C, longitudinal section of exozone showing autozooecia with diaphragms and vesicles, CEGH-UNC 27513 c; D, tangential thin section showing macula, autozooecial apertures and acanthostyles (arrows), CEGH-UNC 27513 b; F, G, Xenotrypa argentinensis n. sp., longitudinal thin section, holotype CEGH-UNC 27523 b. Scale bars: A, F, 5 mm; B, D, 0.5 mm; C, E, 0.2 mm; G, 1 mm.

FIG. 8. — A-F, Heterotrypa enodis n in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 8. — A-F, Heterotrypa enodis n. sp.: A-C, branch transverse section showing autozooecial chambers and mesozooecia, holotype CEGH-UNC 27504 b; D, branch longitudinal section showing autozooecial chambers with diaphragms and mesozooecia, CEGH-UNC 27504 a; E, F, tangential thin section showing autozooecial apertures, mesozooecia, and acanthostyles, CEGH-UNC 27504 c; G, H, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n. sp., oblique thin section through the bifoliate colony, holotype CEGH-UNC 27538 c. Scale bars: A, B, D, E, G, H, 1 mm; C, F, 0.2 mm.

FIG. 3 in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 3. — Microfacies of the main bryozoan-bearing rocks (lenticular quartz-bioclastic-rich sandstones) containing fragmented bryozoans (PS, Pseudostictoporella simplex n. sp.; AB, Albardonia bifoliata n. gen., n. sp.; LV, Lunaferamita virginiensis Utgaard, 1981; HE, Heterotrypa enodis n. sp.), brachiopod shells, crinoids, calcareous algae (CA), as well as lithoclasts in the siliciclastic matrix; A, CEGH-UNC 27520 b; B, CEGH-UNC 27530 e. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 2. — A in A cool-water bryozoan association from the La Pola Formation (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera

FIG. 2. — A, stratigraphic chart showing main Ordovician units (including La Pola Formation) of the Argentinean Precordillera disposed according north-south distribution; B, lithological column of the La Pola section in the Villicum range.

Text-fig. 13. Zoophycos isp. a: BK 17, Layer No. 6; b: BK 27, Layer No. 8; c: lateral tunnel continuing from spreite side to the surrounding rock, BK 28, Layer No. 23; d: BK 22, Layer No. 1; e: "juvenile" stage of the structure on a horizontal winding tunnel, BK 21, Layer No. 26; f: BK 24, Layer No. 17; g: broad winding tunnel adjacent to spreite, BK 26, Layer No. 6; h: BK 15, Layer No. 18; i: BK 23, Layer No. 2. Scale bar = 1 cm. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 13. Zoophycos isp. a: BK 17, Layer No. 6; b: BK 27, Layer No. 8; c: lateral tunnel continuing from spreite side to the surrounding rock, BK 28, Layer No. 23; d: BK 22, Layer No. 1; e: "juvenile" stage of the structure on a horizontal winding tunnel, BK 21, Layer No. 26; f: BK 24, Layer No. 17; g: broad winding tunnel adjacent to spreite, BK 26, Layer No. 6; h: BK 15, Layer No. 18; i: BK 23, Layer No. 2. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Text-fig. 12. a: Spirophycus cf. bicornis (HEER, 1877), BK 19, Layer No. 6; b: Spirophycus isp., field photo, Layer No. 23; c–e: Teichichnus isp., full relief, partly weathered, from the upper side, field photos, Layers No. 23, 10 and 23; f, g: Thalassinoides isp., f – BK 12, Layer No. 4, g – field photo, Layer No. 1. Scale bar = 1 cm; field scale in centimetres. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 12. a: Spirophycus cf. bicornis (HEER, 1877), BK 19, Layer No. 6; b: Spirophycus isp., field photo, Layer No. 23; c–e: Teichichnus isp., full relief, partly weathered, from the upper side, field photos, Layers No. 23, 10 and 23; f, g: Thalassinoides isp., f – BK 12, Layer No. 4, g – field photo, Layer No. 1. Scale bar = 1 cm; field scale in centimetres.

Text-fig. 11. a–d: Palaeophycus tubularis HALL, 1847, full relief, mostly flattened, a – field photo, Layer No. 23, b – field photo, Layer No. 10, c – field photo, Layer No. 23, d – field photo, Layer No. 23; e: Phycosiphon isp., concave epirelief of spreite, field photo, Layer No. 12; f: Polykladichnus isp., full relief on a vertical rock section, BK 11, Layer No. 13; g: Protovirgularia isp., epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12; h: Scolicia isp., BK 30, Layer No. 6; i: Spirocircus isp., field photo, Layer No. 1. Scale bar = 1 cm. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 11. a–d: Palaeophycus tubularis HALL, 1847, full relief, mostly flattened, a – field photo, Layer No. 23, b – field photo, Layer No. 10, c – field photo, Layer No. 23, d – field photo, Layer No. 23; e: Phycosiphon isp., concave epirelief of spreite, field photo, Layer No. 12; f: Polykladichnus isp., full relief on a vertical rock section, BK 11, Layer No. 13; g: Protovirgularia isp., epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12; h: Scolicia isp., BK 30, Layer No. 6; i: Spirocircus isp., field photo, Layer No. 1. Scale bar = 1 cm.

Text-fig. 10. a: Gordia isp., concave epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12; b, c: Helminthopsis isp., b – field photo, Layer No. 1, c – BK 34, Layer No. 6; d: Jamesonichnites isp., horizontal cross-section of broad lined shafts, field photo, Layer No. 23; e–i: Nereites isp., e – concavo-convex epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12, f – full relief of the Nereites ichnofabric, BK 14, Layer No. 2, g – concave epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12, h, i – full relief solitary specimens, field photo, Layer No. 8. Scale bar = 1 cm. in Early Complex Tiering Pattern: Upper Ordovician, Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 10. a: Gordia isp., concave epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12; b, c: Helminthopsis isp., b – field photo, Layer No. 1, c – BK 34, Layer No. 6; d: Jamesonichnites isp., horizontal cross-section of broad lined shafts, field photo, Layer No. 23; e–i: Nereites isp., e – concavo-convex epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12, f – full relief of the Nereites ichnofabric, BK 14, Layer No. 2, g – concave epirelief, field photo, Layer No. 12, h, i – full relief solitary specimens, field photo, Layer No. 8. Scale bar = 1 cm.