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Figure 3 in On the natural occurrence of Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae)

Figure 3. – Geographic distribution range of P. reticulata in northern South America: natural range (yellow dots); non-natural distribution (red); region comprising the southern natural limit (grey zone). Black arrows indicate sites from where specimens were examined. Localities are based on GBIF and Species Link databases as well as Le Bail et al. (2012), Mol et al. (2012), Nogueira and Luvizotto-Santos (2018), and Dias et al. (2020).

Figure 5 in Identification of the Mexican Molly, Poecilia mexicana (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), introduced in Brazil through α-taxonomy and DNA barcoding

Figure 5. – Poecilia mexicana haplotype network. Letter (A) next to locality refers to river drainages flowing into the Atlantic Ocean, and (P) refers to river drainages flowing into the Pacific Ocean.

Figure 1. – Invasive Poecilia mexicana. A in Identification of the Mexican Molly, Poecilia mexicana (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), introduced in Brazil through α-taxonomy and DNA barcoding

Figure 1. – Invasive Poecilia mexicana. A: Male, CICCAA 02354, 45.2 mm SL; B: Male, CICCAA 02354, 45.1 mm SL; C: Female, CICCAA 02354, 43.2 mm SL.

Figure 2. – Poecilia mexicana collection site. A in Identification of the Mexican Molly, Poecilia mexicana (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), introduced in Brazil through α-taxonomy and DNA barcoding

Figure 2. – Poecilia mexicana collection site. A: Shaded area; B: Open area in the Anil River estuary mangrove forest, São Luis municipality, Maranhão state, northeastern Brazil.

Figure 6 in Identification of the Mexican Molly, Poecilia mexicana (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), introduced in Brazil through α-taxonomy and DNA barcoding

Figure 6. – Poecilia mexicana, UFRJ 12091, 42.7 mm SL. a, Gonopodium tip, left lateral view. Abbreviations: p, gonopodial palp; 3, ray 3; 4a and 4p, anterior and posterior branches of ray 4; 5a and 5p, anterior and posterior branches of ray 5.

Figure 4 in Identification of the Mexican Molly, Poecilia mexicana (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae), introduced in Brazil through α-taxonomy and DNA barcoding

Figure 4. – Bayesian Inference haplotype tree of short-fin mollies. Numbers are posterior probabilities, and inner premaxilla and dentary teeth characteristic of each species group are presented.

Figure 3 from: Berbel-Filho WM, Barros-Neto LF, Dias RM, Mendes LF, Figueiredo CAA, Torres RA, Lima SMQ (2018) Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come? ZooKeys 746: 91-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.20960

Figure 3 Map with the sampling sites of individuals used on genetic analyses. Circles represent sampled sites. Squares represent sequences retrieved from GenBank. An asterisk represents the type locality of Poecilia vivipara. Different colours represent different phylogenetic clades. Sampling sites: 1 Margarita island 2 Maceió 3 Jaguaribe 4 Piranhas-Açu 5 Potengi 6 Paraíba do Norte 7 Ipojuca 8 São Francisco 9 Piauí 10 São João 11 Paraná.

Figure 2 from: Berbel-Filho WM, Barros-Neto LF, Dias RM, Mendes LF, Figueiredo CAA, Torres RA, Lima SMQ (2018) Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come? ZooKeys 746: 91-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.20960

Figure 2 Sampling site of Poecilia vivipara in the border of the mangrove at Maceió River microbasin, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Figure 1 from: Berbel-Filho WM, Barros-Neto LF, Dias RM, Mendes LF, Figueiredo CAA, Torres RA, Lima SMQ (2018) Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come? ZooKeys 746: 91-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.20960

Figure 1 Live male of Poecilia vivipara, UFRN 0225, 25.2 mm SL. Maceió River microbasin, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Pernambuco, Brazil.

Figure 5 from: Berbel-Filho WM, Barros-Neto LF, Dias RM, Mendes LF, Figueiredo CAA, Torres RA, Lima SMQ (2018) Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come? ZooKeys 746: 91-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.20960

Figure 5 Haplotype network showing intraspecific relationships among Poecilia vivipara haplotypes. Empty circles represent non-sampled haplotypes. Thin bars on branches represent mutational steps.

Figure 4 from: Berbel-Filho WM, Barros-Neto LF, Dias RM, Mendes LF, Figueiredo CAA, Torres RA, Lima SMQ (2018) Poecilia vivipara Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae), a guppy in an oceanic archipelago: from where did it come? ZooKeys 746: 91-104. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.20960

Figure 4 Rooted Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction tree of Cytochrome Oxidase I mitochondrial gene of Poecilia vivipara. Number in nodes represents the value of posterior probability.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

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Data from: Plastic changes in brain morphology in relation to learning and environmental enrichment in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Despite the common assumption that the brain is mainly malleable to surrounding conditions during ontogeny, plastic neural changes can occur also in adulthood. One of the driving forces responsible for alterations in brain morphology is increasing environmental complexity that may demand for enhanced cognitive abilities (e.g. attention, memory and learning). However, studies looking at the relationship between brain morphology and learning are scarce. Here, we tested the effects of both learning and environmental enrichment on neural plasticity in guppies (Poecilia reticulata), by means of either a reversal-learning test or a spatial-learning test. Given considerable evidence supporting environmentally-induced plastic alterations, two separate control groups that were not subjected to any cognitive test were included to account for potential changes induced by the experimental setup alone. We did not find any effect of learning on any of our brain measurements. However, we found strong evidence for an environmental effect, where fish given access to the spatial-learning environment had larger relative brain size and optic tectum size in relation to those exposed to the reversal-learning environment. Our results demonstrate the plasticity of the adult brain to respond adaptively mainly to environmental conditions, providing support for the environmental enhancement theory.

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Data from: The importance of social dimension and maturation stage for the probabilistic maturation reaction norm in Poecilia reticulata

Maturation is an important event in an organism's life history, with important implications on dynamics of both wild and captive populations. The probabilistic maturation reaction norm (PMRN) has emerged as an important method to describe variation in maturation in wild fish. Because most PMRNs are based on age and size only, it is important to understand limitations of these variables in explaining maturation. We experimentally assessed (i) the sensitivity of age- and size-based PMRNs to unaccounted sources of plasticity, (ii) the role of social environment on maturation and (iii) the significance of estimating PMRNs early and late in the maturation process (initiation and completion of maturation, respectively). We reared male guppies (Poecilia reticulata) under laboratory conditions, subjected to two food levels and three different social cues. We found that growth and social environment affected the maturation in a way that could not be accounted for by their effect on age and size. PMRNs estimated for the initiation stage were less plastic (growth differences and social cues influenced the PMRN shape only little) than those for completion. The initiation of maturation is probably closer to the maturation 'decision' and allows determining factors influencing maturation decision most accurately.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

opennotspecifiedDec 2013View details →

FIGURE 30. Poecilia vivipara, ROM 61654, 42 in Annotated list and key to the stream fishes of Trinidad & Tobago

FIGURE 30. Poecilia vivipara, ROM 61654, 42 mm SL, Cocorite Swamp, Trinidad.