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632 results for “Policies”
The AI Economist: Taxation policy design via two-level deep reinforcement learning
<p>This dataset contains all raw experimental data for the paper "The AI Economist: Taxation Policy Design via Two-level Deep Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning". </p> <p>The accompanying simulation, reinforcement learning, and data visualization code can be found at https://github.com/salesforce/ai-economist.</p> <p>For the one-step economy experiments, we provide:</p> <ul> <li> <p>training histories,</p> </li> <li> <p>configuration files (these experiments do not use phases), and</p> </li> <li> <p>final agent and planner models.</p> </li> </ul> <p>For the Gather-Trade-Build scenario, the data covers 6 spatial layouts: two Open-Quadrant (with 4 and 10 agents), and four Split-World maps with different configurations of the high-skilled and low-skilled agents. It also covers 4 tax policies (the AI Economist, Saez, free-market, and US federal). In addition, the AI Economist has been optimized for two social welfare functions: the product of equality and productivity, and inverse-income weighted utility. The Saez tax policy also uses estimated elasticities. </p> <p>Each experiment was repeated with different random seeds: 10 seeds for the Open-Quadrant scenarios, and 5 seeds for the Split-World scenarios. For each individual experiment, we provide: </p> <ul> <li> <p>Training histories (e.g. equality and productivity throughout training)</p> </li> <li> <p>the phase 1 and phase 2 configuration files, </p> </li> <li> <p>40 episode dense logs (the final 10 simulation logs across 4 environment replicas),</p> </li> <li> <p>phase 1 final agent models, and</p> </li> <li> <p>phase 2 final agent and planner models.</p> </li> </ul> <p>Finally, we include all data and results used to calibrate the Saez elasticity estimates and to estimate elasticity directly from a sweep over flat-rate tax policies:</p> <ul> <li> <p>training histories,</p> </li> <li> <p>the phase 1 and phase 2 configuration files, </p> </li> <li> <p>phase 1 final agent models, and</p> </li> <li> <p>phase 2 final agent and planner models.</p> </li> </ul>
American Policy Conflict in the Hothouse: Exploring the Politics of Climate Inaction and Polycentric Rebellion
<p>Supporting data to Figure 6 in the forthcoming publication "American Policy Conflict in the Hothouse: Exploring the Politics of Climate Inaction and Polycentric Rebellion" in Energy Research & Social Science (ERSS). Dataset provides insight into the components used to create Figure 6 and assess state-level policy contributions to carbon dioxide emission reductions (2002-2030).</p>
NDN Content Store and Caching Policies: Performance Evaluation - Dataset
<p>This is a dataset results from the evaluation of the following caching replacement policies: Random, Least Recently Used (LRU), Least Frequently Used (LFU), and First In First Out (FIFO) applied to NDN. It was used for the paper "NDN Content Store and Caching Policies: Performance Evaluation", DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/computers11030037 .</p> <p>The simulation tool used is the ndnSIM-2.7.</p> <p>Includes:</p> <p>1. The actual dataset from simulations (for both NDN Testbed and Abilene).</p> <p>2. The C++ ndnSIM scenarios (for both NDN Testbed and Abilene).</p> <p>3. Matlab scripts for data extraction.</p> <p>4. Simple Bash scripts for automating the execution</p> <p> </p>
The Relationship between Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy and Nanotechnology Entrepreneurship and Innovation
<p>Dataset for a paper examining the timing of science, technology, and innovation (STI) policy initiatives is critical to the outcomes that they produce. This study examines the advantages and disadvantages of enacting STI policy investments early in a nascent domain of activity - nanotechnology - by looking at patents abd publication data.</p>
Data in Support of: Coal Exit Policy Must Confront Loopholes and Laggards for Political Momentum to Matter for Paris Targets
<p>Input and output data of COALogit and REMIND, which generated the dynamic feasibility space of national accession to the Powering Past Coal Alliance (PPCA) and the long-term energy system and emissions impacts of PPCA-induced coal phase-out scenarios, respectively. </p>
Replication package for Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights
<p>The package contains the material to replicate the paper Calderon, A., V. Fouka, and M. Tabellini. " Racial Diversity and Racial Policy Preferences: The Great Migration and Civil Rights," Review of Economic Studies</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
Evaluating how management policies affect red wolf mortality and disappearance (1987-2020)
<p>We analyzed data acquired from the USFWS Red Wolf Recovery Program (hereafter 'Recovery Program') on radio-marked (hereafter collared), monitored red wolves (i.e., within the NC recovery area). The Recovery Program data include the monitoring history for all collared and monitored adult red wolves released to the wild since the beginning of releases in 1987 to March 1, 2020; n=526. The Recovery Program survival dataset contains the following individual covariates employed in our analyses: endpoint (i.e., final wolf fate by cause of death or disappearance [lost-to-follow-up, LTF]), capture date (beginning of monitoring), and date of endpoint (end of monitoring). The dataset also provided data on sex and other individual covariates not used for our study and hence not described. For recovered wolf carcasses, cause of death was estimated by USFWS using standard methods following necropsy and radiography. Agency removal occurred when a red wolf was captured and removed permanently (lethally or not) from the NC population, generally because the wolf was considered a problem animal by USFWS but also some wolves were removed to supplement other wild populations (n=5). The LTF endpoint occurred when a wolf in the wild disappeared from monitoring because the affixed radio-collar stopped functioning due to either mechanical/battery failure or tampering/destruction by external causes including humans.</p> <p>We reclassified the marked animals' fates obtained from the Recovery Program survival data into the following mutually-exclusive endpoints, following previous studies: agency removals (lethal or not, by agency personnel; n=40, 7.6%), collision (trauma by vehicle(s); n=68, 12.9%), reported poached (n=150, 28.5%), nonhuman (unrelated to humans; e.g., disease, intraspecific strife, n=66, 12.5%), and unknown (unable to discern cause of death in necropsy; n=82, 15.6%). We include LTF (disappeared individuals; n=117, 22.2%) as one of multiple mutually-exclusive endpoints.</p> <p>We estimated the time between collaring (capture date) and endpoint in days (t) for each red wolf (n=526) in our dataset. We calculated time collared (t) differently for surviving, dead, removed to captivity and LTF endpoints, following previous studies. For our mortality endpoints, we estimated t for wolves monitored by telemetry until death. For wolves relocated to captivity, we used the date of final removal to captivity by agency action. For LTF wolves, we used the last date of telemetry contact. We censored any wolves who were alive at the end of our study period (March 1, 2020, n=3 wolves).</p> <p>In our study, we exploit the complementarity of both models: our joint stratified Cox model allowed us to test the hypothesis that our management covariates affected the rate of occurrence (i.e., hazard) of specific endpoints, and endpoint-specific FG models allowed us to test if and how much these same covariates affected the probability and incidence of said endpoints.</p>
Replication package for: "Political Selection and Economic Policy"
<p>These files contain the replication package for "Political Selection and Economic Policy", published in the Economic Journal. The files contained within the package allow verifying that the codes used to produce the results reported in the paper are functional, and they also allow a partial replication of the results.</p>
Policy choices and outcomes for offshore wind auctions globally - Supplementary Data
<p>This is the dataset to the academic paper with the title:</p> <p>"Policy choices and outcomes for offshore wind auctions globally"</p> <p>Please cite the dataset as follows:</p> <p>Jansen,M.; Beiter, P.;Riepin, I. Müsgens, Felix; Juarez Guajardo-Fajardo, Victor, Staffell, I.; Bulder, B.; Kitzing, L. (2022) Policy choices and outcomes for offshore wind auctions globally. Energy Policy. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2022.113000</p>
Dataset for "Tackling global challenges with coherent policies producing more researchers and diaspora engagement"
<p>A list of science policies that were published between 2002 and 2021 by the African Union, Southern African Development Community, and the Government of Zimbabwe.</p>
Complementary dataset of Overton metadata on citing policy-related documents for the study "From intent to impact: Investigating the effects of open sharing commitments"
<p>This document provides the underlying dataset for the bibliometric component for the 2022 study "From intent to impact: Investigating the effects of open sharing commitments" by Research Consulting and Science-Metrix.</p> <p>Before reproducing the study findings or re-using the underlying datasets for other purposes, please cautiously review their limitations in the study's technical annex and main report, available at: https://zenodo.org/communities/data-sharing-in-public-health-emergencies/ </p> <p>Special thanks from the Science-Metrix / Elsevier teams to Euan Adie and Overton for this exceptional public release of Overton metadata, and for conducting extraordinary data collection to retrieve citations towards arXiv preprints.</p> <p> </p> <p>Scope: note that this file combines cited journal publications and preprints from the Covid19, HVRD, Zika and HVVD thematic sets.</p> <p>Data treatment: this data is intend foremost to provide manual validation or qualitative triangulation of our findings. No special efforts have been made to process and clean the data for its eventual re-use in secondary analysis or text mining approaches.</p> <p>Definitions used in this table:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column name </td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>document_type</td> <td>preprint or journal publication</td> </tr> <tr> <td>doi</td> <td>digital object identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>arxiv_id</td> <td>arXiv preprint server's unique identifier for its preprints</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ssrn_id</td> <td>SSRN preprint server's unique identifier for its preprints. Note that some of these IDs are contained within the DOIs also assigned to some (but not all) SSRN preprints , in the form of "10.2139/ssrn." + 'ssrn_id'</td> </tr> <tr> <td>coalesce_id</td> <td>coalesce function applied to the DOI, arxiv_id and ssrn_id. Redundant for journal publications.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>policy_source_title</td> <td>name of the policy-related organization</td> </tr> <tr> <td>published_on</td> <td>publication date of the citing policy-related document</td> </tr> <tr> <td>title</td> <td>title of the citing policy-related document</td> </tr> <tr> <td>pdf_url</td> <td>URL for the online version of the policy-related document</td> </tr> <tr> <td>snippet</td> <td>Where available, excerpt of the text immediatly before and after the citation to a journal publication or preprint found in the citing policy-related document</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Data set on public opinion on differentiation as policy choice
<p>The opinion poll has been conducted with the support of a Dalia Research GmbH. The aim was to involve a representative sample of citizens from all 27 EU countries and 4 non-EU countries (UK, Norway, Turkey, Ukraine). Data has collected through device agnostic surveys with responsive design for desktop, laptop, tablet and smartphone. It develops a set of eight specific questions – two horizontal and six targeted ones, two for each policy area addressed by the project (Economic governance and single market, foreign, security and defence policy, area of freedom, security and justice, including migration policy). The dataset produced on the basis of the selected questions includes demographics of respondents (age, gender, education, rural / urban status etc.).</p>
Data for: A policy mix approach to biodiversity governance in Colombia
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>We lack an understanding of how diverse policymakers interact to govern biodiversity. Taking Colombia as a focal case, we asked: (i) What is the composition of today's policy mix?; (ii) How has the policy mix evolved over time?; (iii) How do policies differ among actors and ecosystems?; and (iv) Does the policy mix address the primary threats to biodiversity? We found 186 biodiversity-related policies that govern multiple ecosystems, use different instruments, and evolve as a mix to address the main threats to biodiversity (i.e., agriculture and aquaculture, biological resource use). We notice policy gaps in the governance of invasive species. Biodiversity policy integration into some sectoral policies, such as climate change and pollution, has become more common in the past decade. Our results point to an increased need for effective coordination across sectors and actors, as new ones become part of the policy mix.</span></p>
Schematic and adapted figures from IPBES Sustainable Use of Wild Species Assessment - Chapter 6. Policy options for governing sustainable use of wild species
<p>Schematic and adapted figures from Chapter 6 of the thematic assessment of the sustainable use of wild species of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services.</p>
Innovation Systems & Policy Insight 3_2022 "Responsible Research & Innovation approach for transitioning the traditional industry regions into digitalized industry territories"
<p>In this ISP Insight Video, coordinator Marianne Hörlesberger tells you more about the EU Project DigiTeRRI which deals with a Responsible Research & Innovation Approach for transitioning the traditional industry regions into digitalised industry territories. The EU project DigiTeRRI empowers 3 traditional industry regions to harness the opportunities presented by digitalisation. The project has co-created a framework and roadmaps for a responsible transition to self-sustaining, digitalised industrial innovation ecosystems. It has worked out the challenges in the interplay between business, academia, government and society to initiate openness, democratic accountability and responsiveness in a process that will in turn promote resilience within these new, digitalised innovation ecosystems. Important attributes for this transition are also gender equality, science education, open access, public engagement, and ethics, which support both organisations and citizens in adapting the transformation that is revolutionising research, industry, economy, & society. Finally, 12 actions, based on the roadmap goals and objectives in each territory have been developed and implemented. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement nº 873010.</p>
Numerical analysis of working paper "Joint integrated production-maintenance policy of a deteriorating equipment considering random yield and maintenance delay"
<p>This is the numerical analysis code using in the working paper "Joint integrated production-maintenance policy of a</p> <p>deteriorating equipment considering random yield and maintenance delay"</p>
SSHOC Training Material Video 5 - Leveraging the the Ethnic and Migrant Minorities' (EMM) Survey Registry for public policy - training video in English, French and Spanish
<p>EMM Survey Registry - D9.4 - Video 5 Live Demo - Policy Making Stackholders (front- and back-end)</p> <p><strong>The video will begin by reiterating what the EMM Survey Registry is and why policy-making stakeholders (e.g. civil society and think tank communities; policymakers) interested in quantitative surveys on ethnic and migrant minorities’ integration and/or inclusion should be using this service. It will then explain how this target user group can both leverage the EMM Survey Registry for finding and learning about surveys, as well as showcasing surveys they have produced and/or have been involved in.</strong></p>
Data from: The viewer doesn't always seem to care - response to fake animal rescues on YouTube and implications for social media self-policing policies
<p>Animal-related content on social media is hugely popular but is not always appropriate in terms of how animals are portrayed or how they are treated. This has potential implications beyond the individual animals involved, for viewers, for wild animal populations, and for societies and their interactions with animals. Whilst social media platforms usually publish guidelines for permitted content, enforcement relies at least in part on viewers reporting inappropriate posts. Currently, there is no external regulation of social media platforms. Based on a set of 241 "fake animal rescue" videos that exhibited clear signs of animal cruelty and strong evidence of being deliberately staged (i.e. fake), we found little evidence that viewers disliked the videos and an overall mixed response in terms of awareness of the fake nature of the videos, and their attitudes towards the welfare of the animals involved. Our findings suggest, firstly, that despite the narrowly defined nature of the videos used in this case study, exposure rates can be extremely high (one of the videos had been viewed over 100 million times), and, secondly, that many YouTube viewers cannot identify (or are not concerned by) animal welfare or conservation issues within a social media context. In terms of the current policy approach of social media platforms, our findings raise questions regarding the value of their current reliance on consumers as watch dogs.</p>
Effect of the free healthcare policy on the health services' utilisation by children under five years in Burkina Faso
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Objectives:</span></strong><span> This study aimed to analyse</span><span>, </span><span>at </span><span>national level, </span><span>the effects of the free healthcare policy for children on the use of health services by children under five in Burkina Faso. We hypothesized that this policy has led to an immediate and sustained increase in the use of health services for these children in the country. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Setting:</span></strong><span> We conducted a controlled interrupted time series. Monthly data at district level, spanning from January 2013 to December 2018 and corresponding to 72 monthly data points (39 before and 33 after), were extracted from the Burkina Faso National Health Information System. The analysed dataset included data from all the 70 health districts of the country.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Participants: </span></strong><span>The study consisted of aggregated data from children under five as the target for the policy with children aged between 5-14 years old as control group. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Intervention: </span></strong><span>The intervention was the introduction of the free healthcare policy for women and children under five years from April 2016. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Outcome: </span></strong><span>The primary outcome was the mean monthly rate of health services visits by children </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results: </span></strong><span>Among the children under five,<strong> </strong><span>the rate of visits increased of 57% (IRR= 1.57; 95% CI=</span>1.2 to 2.0<span>) in the month immediately following the launching of the free healthcare policy. An increase in the rate of health facility visits of 1% </span></span><span>(IRR=1.01; 95% CI=</span><span>1.0 to 1.1) <span>per month was also noted during post-intervention. Compared to the control group, we observed an </span></span><span>increase of the rate of visits of 2.5% (IRR=1.025; 95%CI= 1.023 to 1.026) per month. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusion: </span></strong><span>Findings suggest that the</span><strong><span> </span></strong><span>free healthcare policy increased the use of health facilities for care in Burkina Faso immediately after the implementation of the policy with a small increase in the rate overtime. Strategies to maintain the policy effect over time are necessary. </span></p>
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